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DVU Final Exam PCT Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the heart?
Ans: Acute stress on cardiovascular system, development of LV region
wall motion abnormalities, triggers arrythmias, can lead to cardiac failure
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the gut?
Ans: Releases endotoxin into circulation, inflammation
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the kidneys?
Ans: Causes fibrosis, loss of RRF
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the brain?
Ans: Causes multiple sites with white matter injury
Define muscle cramps
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Ans: Painful muscle contractions in extremities or abdomen
What are the causes of muscle cramps?
Ans: Rapid of excessive fluid removal, hypo osmolality, tissue
hypoxia/ischemia, electrolyte disorders or imbalances: low sodium,
calcium, potassium, magnesium, any local irritating factor or metabolic
abnormality of a muscle
What is the intervention for muscle cramps?
Ans: Turn off UF or reduce fluid removal to acceptable limits, discuss
longer treatment times with MD
What can you do to prevent muscle cramps?
Ans: Educate patient on acceptable fluid weight gains between
treatments, lower UFR, longer treatment time with MD order
Define fever and chills
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Ans: Any temperature > 100 degrees or increase over baseline of 2
degrees with symptoms
What are the causes of fever and chills during dialysis?
Ans: Systemic infections, access infections
What are the symptoms of fever and chills?
Ans: Nausea/vomiting, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, hot flushed
skin, and dry mucus membranes
What are the interventions for fever and chills?
Ans: Nurse must assess and evaluate patient for possible cause of fever. If
ordered by physician, obtain blood cultures per procedure and send to
lab. Provide comfort measures and administer antipyretics as ordered.
Administer antibiotics as ordered. Schedule patient for permanent access
evaluation.
How can you prevent fever and chills?
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Ans: Avoid use of femoral catheters, evaluate teammates technique
What is a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Pyrogenic (fever) reaction is caused by pyrogens, such as
endotoxins
What are the causes of a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Break in water treatment or if there is an endotoxin in a reprocessed
dialyzer
What are the symptoms of a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Chills, shaking fever, hypotension, vomiting, muscle pain
What is the intervention for a pyrogenic reaction?
DVU Final Exam PCT Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the heart?
Ans: Acute stress on cardiovascular system, development of LV region
wall motion abnormalities, triggers arrythmias, can lead to cardiac failure
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the gut?
Ans: Releases endotoxin into circulation, inflammation
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the kidneys?
Ans: Causes fibrosis, loss of RRF
What are the consequences of organ stunning on the brain?
Ans: Causes multiple sites with white matter injury
Define muscle cramps
,2 | Page
Ans: Painful muscle contractions in extremities or abdomen
What are the causes of muscle cramps?
Ans: Rapid of excessive fluid removal, hypo osmolality, tissue
hypoxia/ischemia, electrolyte disorders or imbalances: low sodium,
calcium, potassium, magnesium, any local irritating factor or metabolic
abnormality of a muscle
What is the intervention for muscle cramps?
Ans: Turn off UF or reduce fluid removal to acceptable limits, discuss
longer treatment times with MD
What can you do to prevent muscle cramps?
Ans: Educate patient on acceptable fluid weight gains between
treatments, lower UFR, longer treatment time with MD order
Define fever and chills
,3 | Page
Ans: Any temperature > 100 degrees or increase over baseline of 2
degrees with symptoms
What are the causes of fever and chills during dialysis?
Ans: Systemic infections, access infections
What are the symptoms of fever and chills?
Ans: Nausea/vomiting, headache, hypotension, tachycardia, hot flushed
skin, and dry mucus membranes
What are the interventions for fever and chills?
Ans: Nurse must assess and evaluate patient for possible cause of fever. If
ordered by physician, obtain blood cultures per procedure and send to
lab. Provide comfort measures and administer antipyretics as ordered.
Administer antibiotics as ordered. Schedule patient for permanent access
evaluation.
How can you prevent fever and chills?
, 4 | Page
Ans: Avoid use of femoral catheters, evaluate teammates technique
What is a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Pyrogenic (fever) reaction is caused by pyrogens, such as
endotoxins
What are the causes of a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Break in water treatment or if there is an endotoxin in a reprocessed
dialyzer
What are the symptoms of a pyrogenic reaction?
Ans: Chills, shaking fever, hypotension, vomiting, muscle pain
What is the intervention for a pyrogenic reaction?
