NRSG-2702 FINAL EXAM Questions And
Actual Answers.
Medical model - Answer o Absence of disease
o Health is measured by indicators of disease
o Individual level
o Focus is on problem and cures
· Health promotion: - Answer o The process of empowering people to increase control over
and improve their health
· Disease prevention: - Answer o Activities undertaken by the health sector to prevent the
occurrence of disease, to detect and stop disease development in those at risk, and reduce
negative effects once a disease has established itself
· Injury prevention: - Answer o Prevent and reduce the risk of injury
· Risk factors: - Answer o Variables that create stress and therefore challenge the client's
health status
· Risk reduction: - Answer o Disease prevention strategy used to reduce or alter health
concerns so that any disease is detected and treated early to prevent moving to a high-risk level
· Harm reduction: - Answer o A set of strategies and ideas aimed at reducing harm to an
individual or society by modifying harmful or hazardous behaviours that are difficult and
sometimes impossible to prevent
· Healthy public policy: - Answer o Policy developed with the intent of having a positive effect
on or promoting health
· Protective factors: - Answer o Variables that assist in managing the stressors associated with
being at risk
o Examples:
Literacy
,· Health enhancement: - Answer o Health promotion strategy that is used to increase health
and resiliency to promote optimal health and well-being
· Resiliency: - Answer o The capacity of clients to cope effectively when faced with
considerable adversity or risk
· Lalonde report: - Answer o Initiated curative aspects of care to holistic health care for health
promotion
· Alma-Ata declaration: - Answer o Focuses on primary health care
o Addresses the unacceptable inequalities in the health status between developed and
developing countries
· Primary care: - Answer o First contact between individuals and the health care system
· Primary health care: - Answer o Comprehensive care that includes disease prevention,
working in interprofessional teams, and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy
o 5 Philosophies:
Accessibility
Health promotion
Public participation
Intersectoral collaboration
Appropriate technology
· Ottawa charter: - Answer o Prerequisites of health peace, shelter, education, food, income,
stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
· Epp report: - Answer o Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, enhancing coping
strategies as specific challenges to achieving health
· Determinants of health: - Answer o Social conditions and broader forces that interact to
influence risks to health and well-being and affect how vulnerable or resilient people are to
disease and injury
, o Social determinants of health:
Income and social status
Social supports and coping skills
Education and literacy
Employment and working conditions
Access to health services
Physical environments
Healthy behaviours
Childhood experiences
Biology and genetic endowment
Race/racism
Gender
Culture
o Biomedical: - Answer Focuses on treatment and prevention of disease
o Behavioural: - Answer Focuses on using lifestyle changes to promote health
o Socioenvironmental: - Answer Focuses on health as a resource and considers the
psychosocial and environmental risk factors related to determinants of health in relation to
health and health promotion
· Population health promotion: - Answer o Focus on the health of populations
o Address determinants of health and their interactions
o Base decisions on evidence
o Increase upstream investments
o Apply multiple interventions and strategies
o Collaborate across sectors and levels
o Employ mechanisms for public involvement
o Demonstrate accountability for health outcomes
o Community development: - Answer Community members identify health concerns or issues
Actual Answers.
Medical model - Answer o Absence of disease
o Health is measured by indicators of disease
o Individual level
o Focus is on problem and cures
· Health promotion: - Answer o The process of empowering people to increase control over
and improve their health
· Disease prevention: - Answer o Activities undertaken by the health sector to prevent the
occurrence of disease, to detect and stop disease development in those at risk, and reduce
negative effects once a disease has established itself
· Injury prevention: - Answer o Prevent and reduce the risk of injury
· Risk factors: - Answer o Variables that create stress and therefore challenge the client's
health status
· Risk reduction: - Answer o Disease prevention strategy used to reduce or alter health
concerns so that any disease is detected and treated early to prevent moving to a high-risk level
· Harm reduction: - Answer o A set of strategies and ideas aimed at reducing harm to an
individual or society by modifying harmful or hazardous behaviours that are difficult and
sometimes impossible to prevent
· Healthy public policy: - Answer o Policy developed with the intent of having a positive effect
on or promoting health
· Protective factors: - Answer o Variables that assist in managing the stressors associated with
being at risk
o Examples:
Literacy
,· Health enhancement: - Answer o Health promotion strategy that is used to increase health
and resiliency to promote optimal health and well-being
· Resiliency: - Answer o The capacity of clients to cope effectively when faced with
considerable adversity or risk
· Lalonde report: - Answer o Initiated curative aspects of care to holistic health care for health
promotion
· Alma-Ata declaration: - Answer o Focuses on primary health care
o Addresses the unacceptable inequalities in the health status between developed and
developing countries
· Primary care: - Answer o First contact between individuals and the health care system
· Primary health care: - Answer o Comprehensive care that includes disease prevention,
working in interprofessional teams, and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy
o 5 Philosophies:
Accessibility
Health promotion
Public participation
Intersectoral collaboration
Appropriate technology
· Ottawa charter: - Answer o Prerequisites of health peace, shelter, education, food, income,
stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
· Epp report: - Answer o Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, enhancing coping
strategies as specific challenges to achieving health
· Determinants of health: - Answer o Social conditions and broader forces that interact to
influence risks to health and well-being and affect how vulnerable or resilient people are to
disease and injury
, o Social determinants of health:
Income and social status
Social supports and coping skills
Education and literacy
Employment and working conditions
Access to health services
Physical environments
Healthy behaviours
Childhood experiences
Biology and genetic endowment
Race/racism
Gender
Culture
o Biomedical: - Answer Focuses on treatment and prevention of disease
o Behavioural: - Answer Focuses on using lifestyle changes to promote health
o Socioenvironmental: - Answer Focuses on health as a resource and considers the
psychosocial and environmental risk factors related to determinants of health in relation to
health and health promotion
· Population health promotion: - Answer o Focus on the health of populations
o Address determinants of health and their interactions
o Base decisions on evidence
o Increase upstream investments
o Apply multiple interventions and strategies
o Collaborate across sectors and levels
o Employ mechanisms for public involvement
o Demonstrate accountability for health outcomes
o Community development: - Answer Community members identify health concerns or issues
