WGU D118 OBJECT ASSESSMENT FINAL EXAM 2024/2025
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY
GRADED A++
What is evidenced-based practice and why is it important in healthcare? -
ANSWER Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined by Duke University
Medical Center as "the integration of clinical expertise, patient values and
the best research evidence into the decision-making process for patient
care.
DESCRIBE the standard methods for appraising evidence including
evidence grading scales. - ANSWER Randomized control trials (RCTs) and
systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the goal standards in the types of
evidence hierarchical structure.
the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care -
ANSWER IOWA Model was developed at the University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics in 1990s to serve as a guide for nurses to use research findings
to help improve patient care. The model was developed as a pathway or
method to EBP - a method to guide the steps to help identify issues,
research solutions and implement changes
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation - ANSWER The ACE Star
Model emphasizes crucial steps to convert one form of knowledge to the
next and incorporate best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient preferences thereby achieving EBP
the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model - ANSWER
The Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model is a powerful problem-solving
approach to clinical decision-making, and is accompanied by user-friendly
tools to guide individual or group use. It is designed specifically to meet the
needs of the practicing nurse.
the Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice. - ANSWER The Stetler
model of research use is based on the notion that the user's internal
characteristics, as well as external environmental factors, influence use of
knowledge.
,What are the stages involved in Lewn's change theory and how does this
apply to evidenced-based practice? - ANSWER Kurt Lewin developed a
change model involving three steps: unfreezing, changing and refreezing.
For Lewin, the process of change entails creating the perception that a
change is needed, then moving toward the new, desired level of behavior
and, finally, solidifying that new behavior as the norm.
Name the domains of wellness and describe each type. - ANSWER
Physical.
Emotional.
Intellectual.
Social.
Spiritual.
Environmental.
Occupational.
FINANCIAL
Explain the reasons why transitions of care increase risks for adverse
events. - ANSWER Transitions increase the risk of adverse events due to
the potential for miscommunication as responsibility is given to new parties.
Hospital discharge is a complex process representing a time of significant
vulnerability for patients
Describe different models of chronic care coordination. - ANSWER Several
models of care have been established, including Patient-Centered Medical
Homes (PCMHs), self-management programs, house call or home-based
primary care programs, and distance chronic disease programs
(telehealth)`
Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous
telemedicine and the significance of this type of healthcare delivery in the
US. - ANSWER Synchronous or real-time telehealth requires the presence
of both parties at the same time and a communication link between them
that allows a real-time interaction to take place. Videoconferencing
equipment is one of the most common forms of technologies used in
synchronous telehealth. There are also peripheral devices that can be
attached to computers or the videoconferencing equipment, which can aid
in an interactive examination.
Asynchronous telehealth involves acquiring medical data (e.g., medical
images, biosignals, voice recordings) and then transmitting these data to a
,doctor or medical specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It
does not require the presence of both parties at the same time.
What are the key components of social determinants of health and why are
they significant? - ANSWER Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the
conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work,
play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and
quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Identify two national initiatives to improve health care quality and patient
care throughout the US - ANSWER Better CareImprove quality by making
health care more person-centered, reliable, accessible, and safe.
Describe the NNDSS. - ANSWER The National Notifiable Disease
Surveillance System (NNDSS) is a nationwide collaboration that enables all
levels of public health (local, state, territorial, federal, and international) to
share health information to monitor, control, and prevent the occurrence
and spread of state-reportable and nationally notifiable
What is included in palliative care? - ANSWER Aligning treatment
outcomes with the patient's values and preferences.
Improving quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Minimizing pain and discomfort.
Alleviating emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.
Assisting with safety, mobility, and equipment.
Spiritual counseling.
More items...
Explain the epidemiologic triad for infectious disease causation. - ANSWER
The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an
environment that brings the host and agent together. In this model, disease
results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in
an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to
that host.
Describe the prevention framework and its various levels. - ANSWER
Primary Prevention—intervening before health effects occur, through
measures such as vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor eating
habits, tobacco use), and banning substances known to be associated with
a disease or health condition.8,9
, 2. Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in the earliest
stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such
as mammography and regular blood pressure testing.10
3. Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop
disease progression through measures such as chemotherapy, rehabili-
tation, and screening for complications.11
Which health conditions are included in the Healthy People 2030
objectives. How have the 2030 objectives changed from Healthy People
2020? - ANSWER For the first time, Healthy People 2030 also sets 10-year
targets for objectives related to social determinants of health. And we've
updated our health literacy definition for the first time in 20 years to
emphasize how both individuals and organizations can help improve health
literacy.
In addition, Healthy People 2030 features 8 Overall Health and Well-Being
Measures (OHMs)
Discuss the current screening guidelines for the following conditions in
Adults: HIV infection, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, unhealthy
drug use, hepatitis C, abdominal aortic aneurysm, breast cancer, cervical
cancer, and osteoporosis. - ANSWER HIV infection-The USPSTF
recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and
adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are
at increased risk of infection should also be screened. See the Clinical
Considerations section for more information about assessment of risk,
screening intervals, and rescreening in pregnancy. Current CDC guidelines
recommend testing for HIV infection with an antigen/antibody immunoassay
approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that detects HIV-1 and
HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing
following a reactive assay to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2
antibodies. If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies is
nonreactive or indeterminate (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is
suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to
differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result
Describe the screening guidelines for abnormal blood glucose and type 2
diabetes mellitus for adults aged 40-70 years who are overweight or obese.
- ANSWER Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes can be detected by measuring
fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c level, or with an oral glucose tolerance
test. A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or greater,
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY
GRADED A++
What is evidenced-based practice and why is it important in healthcare? -
ANSWER Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined by Duke University
Medical Center as "the integration of clinical expertise, patient values and
the best research evidence into the decision-making process for patient
care.
DESCRIBE the standard methods for appraising evidence including
evidence grading scales. - ANSWER Randomized control trials (RCTs) and
systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the goal standards in the types of
evidence hierarchical structure.
the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care -
ANSWER IOWA Model was developed at the University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics in 1990s to serve as a guide for nurses to use research findings
to help improve patient care. The model was developed as a pathway or
method to EBP - a method to guide the steps to help identify issues,
research solutions and implement changes
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation - ANSWER The ACE Star
Model emphasizes crucial steps to convert one form of knowledge to the
next and incorporate best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient preferences thereby achieving EBP
the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model - ANSWER
The Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model is a powerful problem-solving
approach to clinical decision-making, and is accompanied by user-friendly
tools to guide individual or group use. It is designed specifically to meet the
needs of the practicing nurse.
the Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice. - ANSWER The Stetler
model of research use is based on the notion that the user's internal
characteristics, as well as external environmental factors, influence use of
knowledge.
,What are the stages involved in Lewn's change theory and how does this
apply to evidenced-based practice? - ANSWER Kurt Lewin developed a
change model involving three steps: unfreezing, changing and refreezing.
For Lewin, the process of change entails creating the perception that a
change is needed, then moving toward the new, desired level of behavior
and, finally, solidifying that new behavior as the norm.
Name the domains of wellness and describe each type. - ANSWER
Physical.
Emotional.
Intellectual.
Social.
Spiritual.
Environmental.
Occupational.
FINANCIAL
Explain the reasons why transitions of care increase risks for adverse
events. - ANSWER Transitions increase the risk of adverse events due to
the potential for miscommunication as responsibility is given to new parties.
Hospital discharge is a complex process representing a time of significant
vulnerability for patients
Describe different models of chronic care coordination. - ANSWER Several
models of care have been established, including Patient-Centered Medical
Homes (PCMHs), self-management programs, house call or home-based
primary care programs, and distance chronic disease programs
(telehealth)`
Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous
telemedicine and the significance of this type of healthcare delivery in the
US. - ANSWER Synchronous or real-time telehealth requires the presence
of both parties at the same time and a communication link between them
that allows a real-time interaction to take place. Videoconferencing
equipment is one of the most common forms of technologies used in
synchronous telehealth. There are also peripheral devices that can be
attached to computers or the videoconferencing equipment, which can aid
in an interactive examination.
Asynchronous telehealth involves acquiring medical data (e.g., medical
images, biosignals, voice recordings) and then transmitting these data to a
,doctor or medical specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It
does not require the presence of both parties at the same time.
What are the key components of social determinants of health and why are
they significant? - ANSWER Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the
conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work,
play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and
quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Identify two national initiatives to improve health care quality and patient
care throughout the US - ANSWER Better CareImprove quality by making
health care more person-centered, reliable, accessible, and safe.
Describe the NNDSS. - ANSWER The National Notifiable Disease
Surveillance System (NNDSS) is a nationwide collaboration that enables all
levels of public health (local, state, territorial, federal, and international) to
share health information to monitor, control, and prevent the occurrence
and spread of state-reportable and nationally notifiable
What is included in palliative care? - ANSWER Aligning treatment
outcomes with the patient's values and preferences.
Improving quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Minimizing pain and discomfort.
Alleviating emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.
Assisting with safety, mobility, and equipment.
Spiritual counseling.
More items...
Explain the epidemiologic triad for infectious disease causation. - ANSWER
The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an
environment that brings the host and agent together. In this model, disease
results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in
an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to
that host.
Describe the prevention framework and its various levels. - ANSWER
Primary Prevention—intervening before health effects occur, through
measures such as vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor eating
habits, tobacco use), and banning substances known to be associated with
a disease or health condition.8,9
, 2. Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in the earliest
stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such
as mammography and regular blood pressure testing.10
3. Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop
disease progression through measures such as chemotherapy, rehabili-
tation, and screening for complications.11
Which health conditions are included in the Healthy People 2030
objectives. How have the 2030 objectives changed from Healthy People
2020? - ANSWER For the first time, Healthy People 2030 also sets 10-year
targets for objectives related to social determinants of health. And we've
updated our health literacy definition for the first time in 20 years to
emphasize how both individuals and organizations can help improve health
literacy.
In addition, Healthy People 2030 features 8 Overall Health and Well-Being
Measures (OHMs)
Discuss the current screening guidelines for the following conditions in
Adults: HIV infection, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, unhealthy
drug use, hepatitis C, abdominal aortic aneurysm, breast cancer, cervical
cancer, and osteoporosis. - ANSWER HIV infection-The USPSTF
recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and
adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are
at increased risk of infection should also be screened. See the Clinical
Considerations section for more information about assessment of risk,
screening intervals, and rescreening in pregnancy. Current CDC guidelines
recommend testing for HIV infection with an antigen/antibody immunoassay
approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that detects HIV-1 and
HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing
following a reactive assay to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2
antibodies. If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies is
nonreactive or indeterminate (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is
suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to
differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result
Describe the screening guidelines for abnormal blood glucose and type 2
diabetes mellitus for adults aged 40-70 years who are overweight or obese.
- ANSWER Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes can be detected by measuring
fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c level, or with an oral glucose tolerance
test. A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or greater,
