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six-year-of Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes girls are
better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate - ingroup bias
the overconfidence phenomenon refers to the tendency to - underestimate the extent to
which our beliefs and judgements and inaccurate
according to Frued, defense mechanisms are used by the - ego to prevent threatening
impulses from being consciously recognized
Professor Jones is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. He personally
disagrees with the other committee members' proposed plan to begin accepting students with
below-average grades. Professor Jones is most likely to vote in favor of their plan if - the
other committee members are unanimous in their opinion
Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she
refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing
with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates: - rationalization
After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in
Broca's area. It is likely Miguel will have difficulty - speaking fluently
which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms
than with providing special insights into why the symptoms developed? - behavior
therapy
our first impressions of those we met are most likely to be determined by their - physical
appearance
a central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is - free association
which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering
and communicating? - cognition
,The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they -
are more willing to help others
Myers and Jeeves discuss how religious beliefs and practices are related to - higher self
esteem
Howard Gardner identified a total of ___________ intelligences. - eight
Current estimate are that __________ percent of the total variation among intelligence scores
can be attributed to genetic factors. - about 50
a $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced
regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of - framing
psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients - become aware of
their repressed conflicts, impulses, and feelings
Cassandra's mother told her, "you know you are in love when your hear beats fast and you
experience that unique trembling feeling inside". This remark best illustrates the _________
theory of emotion. - James-Lange (physiological response triggers an emotion)
During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally
sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as -
resistance
Based on findings from Milgram's obedience studies, people are more likely follow an authority
figure's orders when - the authority is near by, the victim is depersonalized or distanced,
there are no models for defiance
refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism
known as - denial
carl rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgemental attitude as - unconditional positive
regard
most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This
best illustrates that fear - can be learned through observation
which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often distressed because of their
negative thinking about events? - cognitive therapy
In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains nausea-
producing drug. This technique is known as - aversive conditioning
,Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that - there is a genetic
predisposition to schizophrenia
Males are most likely to outnumber females in a class designed for high school students highly
gifted in - math problem solving
During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals are most likely to - be overactive
The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrate
symptoms of - PTSD
The release of stress hormones - decreases immune system activity
Systematic desensitization involves - associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-
arousing stimuli
The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most
clearly central to - cognitive therapies
a psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels towards her
ex-boyfriend by tearing up pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based
on the - catharsis hypothesis (physical action)
Aptitude tests are to __________ as achievement tests are to _____________. - future
performance, current competence
According to psychoanalysis, resistance refers to the - blocking from consciousness of
anxiety-laden material during therapy
Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of - panic
disorder
For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the
morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and
unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from - major depressive disorder
Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for
growth and self-actualization. According to Maslow, Jin is striving for - self-transcendence
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking. feeling and acting is his or her -
personality
According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the
_________ stage. - phallic
, Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring
patterns in their - interpersonal relationships
Myers and Jeeves discuss the concept of "Spiritual Intelligence" - capacity for the
transcendence, ability to experience heightened state of consciousness, ability to utilize spiritual
resources to solve problems
An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of -
groupthink
Prototype is to category as _______ is to ________. - rose;flower
Which of the following is a benefit of being religious according to Myers and Jeeves? -
less loneliness
Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses
her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low
level of - emotional intelligence
To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retaining program that led to
full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates - problem-focused coping
Spiritual Intelligence can be defined as - the use of spirituality to facilitate problem
solving and goal attainment
The Big Five personality factors are - extraversion, openness, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, neuroticism
Which branch of psychology is most recently concerned with the study of how people think
about, influence, and relate to one another? - social psychology
Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n) - mental ability to learn from
experience
Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ______ as repeatedly washing your hands is
to__________. - obsession; compulsion
Altruism is best described as - behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others
Cognitive therapists work to correct errors in thinking such as - making over-
generalizations, jumping to conclusions, all or nothing thinking
Spearman's g factor refers to - a general intelligence that underlies successful
performance on a wide variety of tasks