,Table of Content
0 0
Chapter001:0Cellular0Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter002:0Genes0and0Genetic0Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter003:0Epigenetics0and0Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter004:0Altered0Cellular0and0Tissue0Biology ....................................................................................................... 27
Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,06th0Edition .......................................................................... 39
Chapter006:0Innate0Immunity:0Inflammation0and0Wound0Healing0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter007:0Adaptive0Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter008:0Infection0and0Defects0in0Mechanisms0of0Defense0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter009:0Stress0and0Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter010:0Biology,0Clinical0Manifestations,0and0Treatment0of0Cancer0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathop
hysiology,06th0Edition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapter011:0Cancer0Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter012:0Cancer0in0Children .................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter013:0Structure0and0Function0of0theNeurologic0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter014:0Pain,0Temperature,0Sleep,0and0Sensory0Function0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,
06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter015:0Alterations0in0Cognitive0Systems,0Cerebral0Hemodynamics,0and0Motor0Function ............................... 116
Chapter016:0Disorders0of0theCentral0and0Peripheral0Nervous0Systems0and0theNeuromuscular0Junction.................. 126
Chapter017:0Alterations0of0Neurologic0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter018:0Mechanisms0of0Hormonal0Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter019:0Alterations0of0Hormonal0Regulation ..................................................................................................... 156
Chapter020:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Hematologic0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiolo
gy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter021:0Alterations0of0Hematologic0Function .................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter022:0Alterations0of0Hematologic0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter023:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Cardiovascular0and0Lymphatic0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understand
ing0Pathophysiology,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chapter024:0Alterations0of0Cardiovascular0Function ................................................................................................ 210
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter025:0Alterations0of0Cardiovascular0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiolo
gy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
S0N0T0 0 O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter026:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Pulmonary0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapter027:0Alterations0of0Pulmonary0Function ....................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter028:0Alterations0of0Pulmonary0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter029:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Renal0and0Urologic0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathop
hysiology,06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter030:0Alterations0of0Renal0and0Urinary0Tract0Function0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,
06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter031:0Alterations0of0Renal0and0Urinary0Tract0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Patho
physiology,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapter032:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Reproductive0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chapter033:0Alterations0of0the0Female0Reproductive0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter034:0Alterations0of0the0Male0Reproductive0System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter035:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Digestive0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter036:0Alterations0of0Digestive0Function ......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter037:0Alterations0of0Digestive0Function0in0Children ...................................................................................... 325
Chapter038:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Musculoskeletal0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysi
ology,06th0Edition ..................................................................................................................................................... 334
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter039:0Alterations0of0Musculoskeletal0Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter040:0Alterations0of0Musculoskeletal0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter041:0Structure,0Function,0and0Disorders0of0the0Integument0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysio
logy,06th0Edition ....................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter042:0Alterations0of0the0Integument0in0Children............................................................................................. 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
0 0 0
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
0 0 0 0 0 0
MULTIPLE0CHOICE
1. A0student0is0observing0a0cell0under0the0microscope.0It0is0observed0to0have0supercoiled0DNA0
with0histones.0Which0of0the0following0would0also0be0observed0by0the0student?
a. A0single0circular0chromosome
b. A0nucleus
c. Free-floating0nuclear0material
d. No0organelles
ANS:0 B
The0cell0described0is0a0eukaryotic0cell,0so0it0has0histones0and0a0supercoiled0DNA0within0its0nucl
eus;0thus,0the0nucleus0should0be0observed.0A0single0circular0chromosome0called0a0prokaryote0c
ontains0free-floating0nuclear0material0but0has0no0organelles.
REF:0p.02
2. A0nurse0is0instructing0the0staff0about0cellular0functions.0Which0cellular0function0is0the0nurse0d
escribing0when0an0isolated0cell0absorbs0oxygen0and0uses0it0to0transform0nutrients0to0energy?
a. Metabolic0absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:0D
The0cell’s0ability0to0absorb0oxygen0is0referred0to0as0respiration0while0its0communication0ability0involv
es0maintenance0of0a0steady0dynamic0state,0metabolic0absorption0provides0nutrition,0and0secretion0allo
ws0for0the0synthesizing0of0new0substances.
REF:0p.02
3. A0eukaryotic0cell0is0undergoing0DNA0replication.0In0which0region0of0the0cell0would0most0of0t
he0genetic0information0be0contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus0Cytoplasm
ANS:0C
The0region0of0the0cell0that0contains0genetic0material,0including0a0large0amount0of0ribonucleic0aci
d,0most0of0the0DNA,0and0DNA-
binding0proteins,0is0the0nucleolus,0which0is0located0within0the0cell’s0nucleus.0Mitochondria0is0as
sociated0with0cellular0respiration,0while0ribosomes0are0involved0with0protein0manufacturing.0C
ytoplasm0is0a0fluid0filling0that0is0a0component0of0the0cell.
REF:0p.02
0 0
Chapter001:0Cellular0Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter002:0Genes0and0Genetic0Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter003:0Epigenetics0and0Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter004:0Altered0Cellular0and0Tissue0Biology ....................................................................................................... 27
Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,06th0Edition .......................................................................... 39
Chapter006:0Innate0Immunity:0Inflammation0and0Wound0Healing0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter007:0Adaptive0Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter008:0Infection0and0Defects0in0Mechanisms0of0Defense0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter009:0Stress0and0Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter010:0Biology,0Clinical0Manifestations,0and0Treatment0of0Cancer0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathop
hysiology,06th0Edition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapter011:0Cancer0Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter012:0Cancer0in0Children .................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter013:0Structure0and0Function0of0theNeurologic0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter014:0Pain,0Temperature,0Sleep,0and0Sensory0Function0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,
06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter015:0Alterations0in0Cognitive0Systems,0Cerebral0Hemodynamics,0and0Motor0Function ............................... 116
Chapter016:0Disorders0of0theCentral0and0Peripheral0Nervous0Systems0and0theNeuromuscular0Junction.................. 126
Chapter017:0Alterations0of0Neurologic0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter018:0Mechanisms0of0Hormonal0Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter019:0Alterations0of0Hormonal0Regulation ..................................................................................................... 156
Chapter020:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Hematologic0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiolo
gy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter021:0Alterations0of0Hematologic0Function .................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter022:0Alterations0of0Hematologic0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter023:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Cardiovascular0and0Lymphatic0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understand
ing0Pathophysiology,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chapter024:0Alterations0of0Cardiovascular0Function ................................................................................................ 210
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter025:0Alterations0of0Cardiovascular0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiolo
gy,06th0Edition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
S0N0T0 0 O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter026:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Pulmonary0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology
,06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapter027:0Alterations0of0Pulmonary0Function ....................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter028:0Alterations0of0Pulmonary0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter029:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Renal0and0Urologic0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathop
hysiology,06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter030:0Alterations0of0Renal0and0Urinary0Tract0Function0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,
06th0Edition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter031:0Alterations0of0Renal0and0Urinary0Tract0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Patho
physiology,06th0Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapter032:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Reproductive0Systems0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chapter033:0Alterations0of0the0Female0Reproductive0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter034:0Alterations0of0the0Male0Reproductive0System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter035:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Digestive0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiology,0
6th0Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter036:0Alterations0of0Digestive0Function ......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter037:0Alterations0of0Digestive0Function0in0Children ...................................................................................... 325
Chapter038:0Structure0and0Function0of0the0Musculoskeletal0System0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysi
ology,06th0Edition ..................................................................................................................................................... 334
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter039:0Alterations0of0Musculoskeletal0Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter040:0Alterations0of0Musculoskeletal0Function0in0Children0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysiol
ogy,06th0Edition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
U0SN0T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter041:0Structure,0Function,0and0Disorders0of0the0Integument0Huether0&0McCance:0Understanding0Pathophysio
logy,06th0Edition ....................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter042:0Alterations0of0the0Integument0in0Children............................................................................................. 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
0 0 0
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
0 0 0 0 0 0
MULTIPLE0CHOICE
1. A0student0is0observing0a0cell0under0the0microscope.0It0is0observed0to0have0supercoiled0DNA0
with0histones.0Which0of0the0following0would0also0be0observed0by0the0student?
a. A0single0circular0chromosome
b. A0nucleus
c. Free-floating0nuclear0material
d. No0organelles
ANS:0 B
The0cell0described0is0a0eukaryotic0cell,0so0it0has0histones0and0a0supercoiled0DNA0within0its0nucl
eus;0thus,0the0nucleus0should0be0observed.0A0single0circular0chromosome0called0a0prokaryote0c
ontains0free-floating0nuclear0material0but0has0no0organelles.
REF:0p.02
2. A0nurse0is0instructing0the0staff0about0cellular0functions.0Which0cellular0function0is0the0nurse0d
escribing0when0an0isolated0cell0absorbs0oxygen0and0uses0it0to0transform0nutrients0to0energy?
a. Metabolic0absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:0D
The0cell’s0ability0to0absorb0oxygen0is0referred0to0as0respiration0while0its0communication0ability0involv
es0maintenance0of0a0steady0dynamic0state,0metabolic0absorption0provides0nutrition,0and0secretion0allo
ws0for0the0synthesizing0of0new0substances.
REF:0p.02
3. A0eukaryotic0cell0is0undergoing0DNA0replication.0In0which0region0of0the0cell0would0most0of0t
he0genetic0information0be0contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus0Cytoplasm
ANS:0C
The0region0of0the0cell0that0contains0genetic0material,0including0a0large0amount0of0ribonucleic0aci
d,0most0of0the0DNA,0and0DNA-
binding0proteins,0is0the0nucleolus,0which0is0located0within0the0cell’s0nucleus.0Mitochondria0is0as
sociated0with0cellular0respiration,0while0ribosomes0are0involved0with0protein0manufacturing.0C
ytoplasm0is0a0fluid0filling0that0is0a0component0of0the0cell.
REF:0p.02
