,Chapter 01: The Evolution of Professional Nursing
6 6 6 6 6 6
Cherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7th Edition
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Clara6Barton6is6known6for:
a. becoming6the6first6black6public6health6nurse.
b. establishing6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
c. founding6the6American6Red6Cross.
d. publicizing6the6inadequacies6of6hospital-based6nursing6schools.
ANS:6 C
The6American6Red6Cross,6founded6by6Clara6Barton6in61882,6assisted6in6efforts6to6continue6publ
ic6health6nursing.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.611
2. Students6are6assigned6to6write6to6their6state6leaders6about6an6issue6affecting6their6community.6
One6student6writes6about6the6need6among6rural6community6for6greater6access6to6acute6care6ser
vices.6Which6of6the6following6pieces6of6legislation6should6the6student6use6as6a6reference?
a. Social6Security6Act
b. Hill-Burton6Act
c. Sheppard-Towner6 Act
d. U.S.6Civil6Service6Act
ANS:6 B
The6purpose6of6the6Hill-
Burton6Act6was6to6provide6funding6to6construct6hospitals6and6to6help6states6in6plan6for6other6health6
care6facilities6in6accordance6with6the6needs6of6communities.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.613
3. The6practice6of6public6health6nursing6and6the6Henry6Street6Settlement6are6credited6to:
a. Mary6Breckenridge.
b. Mary6Seacole.
c. Clara6Barton.
d. Lillian6Wald.
ANS:6 D
Lillian6Wald,6a6pioneer6in6public6health6nursing,6is6best6known6for6the6development6and6establis
hment6of6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.66
4. Occupational6health6nursing6features6beliefs6similar6to6those6of6which6early6nursing6pioneer?
a. Lillian6Wald
b. Florence6Nightingale
c. Clara6Barton
d. Mary6Seacole
ANS:6 A
, Lillian6Wald6developed6the6first6nursing6service6for6occupational6health.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.610
5. What6historical6event6first6led6to6the6recognition6of6the6contribution6of6blacks6to6nursing?
a. Florence6Nightingale’s6acceptance6of6black6nurses6into6the6first6nursing6school
b. The6contributions6of6black6nurses6at6the6Pennsylvania6Hospital,6the6first6hospital6in6
America
c. Mary6Seacole’s6efforts6to6care6for6soldiers6during6the6Crimean6War
d. The6work6done6by6wives6of6wealthy6black6nobles6who6carried6food6and6medicine6f
rom6house6to6house6during6the6Middle6Ages
ANS:6 C
Although6Nightingale’s6school6refused6Seacole,6she6was6able6to6make6a6difference6in6the6Crime
an6War6and6later6was6recognized6for6her6efforts.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 pp.68-9
6. World6War6I6contributed6to6the6advancement6of6health6care6by:
a. increasing6the6number6of6private6care6hospitals6and6decreasing6the6role6of6public6
health6services.
b. employing6a6large6number6of6civilians6to6provide6care6to6returning6soldiers6through6t
he6Red6Cross.
c. introducing6specialists6in6nursing6such6as6nurse6anesthetists.
d. increasing6the6number6of6community6health6nurses.
ANS:6 C
World6War6I6offered6nurses6a6chance6to6enter6into6new6fields6of6specialization,6as6is6seen6in6the6e
xample6of6nurse6anesthetists,6who6became6part6of6surgical6teams6at6the6front6lines.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.611
7. The6primary6purpose6of6the6Social6Security6Act6of619356was6to:
a. increase6research6that6focused6on6minority6groups.
b. provide6medical6care6for6chemically6impaired6persons.
c. ensure6health6care6for6older6adults6through6a6national6insurance6system.
d. decrease6the6public’s6financial6burden6by6limiting6services6offered6by6local6health6
departments.
ANS:6 C
By6providing6health6insurance6for6older6adults,6the6Social6Security6Act6of619356set6the6precede
nt6for6the6passage6of6the6Medicare6and6Medicaid6Acts6that6followed6in61965,6but6the6act6also6pro
vided6maternal6and6child6welfare6services,6rehabilitation6for6the6mentally6and6physically6challe
nged,6medical6care6for6blind6individuals6and6crippled6children,6and6unemployment6benefits.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.612
8. A6client6asks6the6nurse,6“Can6you6explain6Medicare,6an6amendment6to6the6Social6Security6
Act?”6The6nurse6responds6that6Medicare:
a. led6to6many6hospital6closings,6along6with6a6decrease6in6acute6care6hospital–
based6nursing6care.
, b. provided6medical6insurance6to6those6younger6adults6or6children6who6were6not6e
ligible6for6private6insurance6because6of6catastrophic6illnesses6such6as6cancer.
c. provided6preventive6care6for6women,6infants,6and6children.
d. ensured6that6individuals6ages6656and6older6and6those6with6end-
stage6renal6disease6or6permanent6disabilities6had6health6care6insurance.
ANS:6 D
The6Medicare6program6provides6hospital6insurance,6Part6A,6and6medical6insurance,6Part6B,6to6a
ll6people6ages6656and6older6who6are6eligible6to6receive6Social6Security6benefits;6people6with6tot
al,6permanent6disabilities;6and6people6with6end-stage6renal6disease.
DIF:6 6 Comprehension REF:6 6 p.614
9. A6comparison6of6nursing6in6the61980s6to6nursing6in6the61990s6reveals6that:
a. in6the61990s6nursing6experienced6a6significant6reduction6occurred6in6preventable6
diseases6caused6by6unsafe/unhealthy6lifestyles.
b. tuberculosis6was6the6primary6concern6for6nursing6in6the61980s,6whereas6the6AIDS6e
pidemic6emerged6and6was6its6focus6during6the61990s.
c. a6decrease6in6ambulatory6services6in6the61980s6prompted6an6increase6in6public6
health6nurses6in6the61990s.
d. the6demand6for6advanced6practice6nurses6increased6in6the61980s6and6the61990s6as6a6r
esult6of6the6economy6and6concern6about6the6health6of6the6nation.
ANS:6 D
The6numbers6of6advanced6nurse6practitioners6increased6as6evidence6of6their6cost-
effectiveness6as6providers6of6primary6and6preventive6health6care6became6established.
DIF:6 6 Comprehension REF:6 6 pp.616-17
10. Which6statement6accurately6describes6the6historical6perspective6of6nursing6practice?
a. Nursing6has6existed6to6meet6the6needs6of6populations,6individuals,6and6aggregates6b
y6providing6care6that6is6determined6by6the6needs6and6beliefs6of6society6in6different6hi
storical6contexts.
b. As6men6began6to6become6interested6in6nursing,6it6changed6into6a6respected6
profession6based6on6scientific6fact6rather6than6superstition.
c. Nursing6has6historically6accepted6individuals6from6all6social6and6ethnic6
backgrounds.
d. The6United6States6has6led6the6way6throughout6history6to6advance6nursing6and6
health6care6by6providing6the6first6hospital6and6medical6school.
ANS:6 A
Nursing6has6existed6since6biblical6times6to6address6needs6ranging6from6contagious6diseases6in6e
arly6times6to6health6prevention6in6the6present6time,6with6care6based6on6health6needs6and6beliefs6
of6the6time.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.636|pp.618-19
11. The6use6of6herbs6has6become6a6popular6alternative6to6prescription6drugs6in6today’s6health6care6
milieu.6During6which6other6historical6periods6did6health6practices6focus6on6the6use6of6herbs?
a. Prehistoric6times6and6the6Middle6Ages
b. Civil6War6period6and6World6War6I
6 6 6 6 6 6
Cherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7th Edition
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. Clara6Barton6is6known6for:
a. becoming6the6first6black6public6health6nurse.
b. establishing6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
c. founding6the6American6Red6Cross.
d. publicizing6the6inadequacies6of6hospital-based6nursing6schools.
ANS:6 C
The6American6Red6Cross,6founded6by6Clara6Barton6in61882,6assisted6in6efforts6to6continue6publ
ic6health6nursing.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.611
2. Students6are6assigned6to6write6to6their6state6leaders6about6an6issue6affecting6their6community.6
One6student6writes6about6the6need6among6rural6community6for6greater6access6to6acute6care6ser
vices.6Which6of6the6following6pieces6of6legislation6should6the6student6use6as6a6reference?
a. Social6Security6Act
b. Hill-Burton6Act
c. Sheppard-Towner6 Act
d. U.S.6Civil6Service6Act
ANS:6 B
The6purpose6of6the6Hill-
Burton6Act6was6to6provide6funding6to6construct6hospitals6and6to6help6states6in6plan6for6other6health6
care6facilities6in6accordance6with6the6needs6of6communities.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.613
3. The6practice6of6public6health6nursing6and6the6Henry6Street6Settlement6are6credited6to:
a. Mary6Breckenridge.
b. Mary6Seacole.
c. Clara6Barton.
d. Lillian6Wald.
ANS:6 D
Lillian6Wald,6a6pioneer6in6public6health6nursing,6is6best6known6for6the6development6and6establis
hment6of6the6Henry6Street6Settlement.
DIF: Knowledge REF:6 6 p.66
4. Occupational6health6nursing6features6beliefs6similar6to6those6of6which6early6nursing6pioneer?
a. Lillian6Wald
b. Florence6Nightingale
c. Clara6Barton
d. Mary6Seacole
ANS:6 A
, Lillian6Wald6developed6the6first6nursing6service6for6occupational6health.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.610
5. What6historical6event6first6led6to6the6recognition6of6the6contribution6of6blacks6to6nursing?
a. Florence6Nightingale’s6acceptance6of6black6nurses6into6the6first6nursing6school
b. The6contributions6of6black6nurses6at6the6Pennsylvania6Hospital,6the6first6hospital6in6
America
c. Mary6Seacole’s6efforts6to6care6for6soldiers6during6the6Crimean6War
d. The6work6done6by6wives6of6wealthy6black6nobles6who6carried6food6and6medicine6f
rom6house6to6house6during6the6Middle6Ages
ANS:6 C
Although6Nightingale’s6school6refused6Seacole,6she6was6able6to6make6a6difference6in6the6Crime
an6War6and6later6was6recognized6for6her6efforts.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 pp.68-9
6. World6War6I6contributed6to6the6advancement6of6health6care6by:
a. increasing6the6number6of6private6care6hospitals6and6decreasing6the6role6of6public6
health6services.
b. employing6a6large6number6of6civilians6to6provide6care6to6returning6soldiers6through6t
he6Red6Cross.
c. introducing6specialists6in6nursing6such6as6nurse6anesthetists.
d. increasing6the6number6of6community6health6nurses.
ANS:6 C
World6War6I6offered6nurses6a6chance6to6enter6into6new6fields6of6specialization,6as6is6seen6in6the6e
xample6of6nurse6anesthetists,6who6became6part6of6surgical6teams6at6the6front6lines.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.611
7. The6primary6purpose6of6the6Social6Security6Act6of619356was6to:
a. increase6research6that6focused6on6minority6groups.
b. provide6medical6care6for6chemically6impaired6persons.
c. ensure6health6care6for6older6adults6through6a6national6insurance6system.
d. decrease6the6public’s6financial6burden6by6limiting6services6offered6by6local6health6
departments.
ANS:6 C
By6providing6health6insurance6for6older6adults,6the6Social6Security6Act6of619356set6the6precede
nt6for6the6passage6of6the6Medicare6and6Medicaid6Acts6that6followed6in61965,6but6the6act6also6pro
vided6maternal6and6child6welfare6services,6rehabilitation6for6the6mentally6and6physically6challe
nged,6medical6care6for6blind6individuals6and6crippled6children,6and6unemployment6benefits.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.612
8. A6client6asks6the6nurse,6“Can6you6explain6Medicare,6an6amendment6to6the6Social6Security6
Act?”6The6nurse6responds6that6Medicare:
a. led6to6many6hospital6closings,6along6with6a6decrease6in6acute6care6hospital–
based6nursing6care.
, b. provided6medical6insurance6to6those6younger6adults6or6children6who6were6not6e
ligible6for6private6insurance6because6of6catastrophic6illnesses6such6as6cancer.
c. provided6preventive6care6for6women,6infants,6and6children.
d. ensured6that6individuals6ages6656and6older6and6those6with6end-
stage6renal6disease6or6permanent6disabilities6had6health6care6insurance.
ANS:6 D
The6Medicare6program6provides6hospital6insurance,6Part6A,6and6medical6insurance,6Part6B,6to6a
ll6people6ages6656and6older6who6are6eligible6to6receive6Social6Security6benefits;6people6with6tot
al,6permanent6disabilities;6and6people6with6end-stage6renal6disease.
DIF:6 6 Comprehension REF:6 6 p.614
9. A6comparison6of6nursing6in6the61980s6to6nursing6in6the61990s6reveals6that:
a. in6the61990s6nursing6experienced6a6significant6reduction6occurred6in6preventable6
diseases6caused6by6unsafe/unhealthy6lifestyles.
b. tuberculosis6was6the6primary6concern6for6nursing6in6the61980s,6whereas6the6AIDS6e
pidemic6emerged6and6was6its6focus6during6the61990s.
c. a6decrease6in6ambulatory6services6in6the61980s6prompted6an6increase6in6public6
health6nurses6in6the61990s.
d. the6demand6for6advanced6practice6nurses6increased6in6the61980s6and6the61990s6as6a6r
esult6of6the6economy6and6concern6about6the6health6of6the6nation.
ANS:6 D
The6numbers6of6advanced6nurse6practitioners6increased6as6evidence6of6their6cost-
effectiveness6as6providers6of6primary6and6preventive6health6care6became6established.
DIF:6 6 Comprehension REF:6 6 pp.616-17
10. Which6statement6accurately6describes6the6historical6perspective6of6nursing6practice?
a. Nursing6has6existed6to6meet6the6needs6of6populations,6individuals,6and6aggregates6b
y6providing6care6that6is6determined6by6the6needs6and6beliefs6of6society6in6different6hi
storical6contexts.
b. As6men6began6to6become6interested6in6nursing,6it6changed6into6a6respected6
profession6based6on6scientific6fact6rather6than6superstition.
c. Nursing6has6historically6accepted6individuals6from6all6social6and6ethnic6
backgrounds.
d. The6United6States6has6led6the6way6throughout6history6to6advance6nursing6and6
health6care6by6providing6the6first6hospital6and6medical6school.
ANS:6 A
Nursing6has6existed6since6biblical6times6to6address6needs6ranging6from6contagious6diseases6in6e
arly6times6to6health6prevention6in6the6present6time,6with6care6based6on6health6needs6and6beliefs6
of6the6time.
DIF: Comprehension REF:6 6 p.636|pp.618-19
11. The6use6of6herbs6has6become6a6popular6alternative6to6prescription6drugs6in6today’s6health6care6
milieu.6During6which6other6historical6periods6did6health6practices6focus6on6the6use6of6herbs?
a. Prehistoric6times6and6the6Middle6Ages
b. Civil6War6period6and6World6War6I
