3P PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE & THROAT QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

APEA 3P PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - HEAD,
EYES, EARS, NOSE & THROAT
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
auricularAhematomaA-AcorrectAanswersbleedingAinAtheAauricularAcartilegeA



cause:Adirect,AbluntAtraumaAcommonlyAseenAinAwrestlers,Aboxers,AMMAAfighters



tx:AhematomaAneedsAdrainedAorAitAcanAresultAinAcauliflowerAear

avulsedAtoothA-AcorrectAanswersconsideredAaAdentalAemergencyAforApermanentAteeth



theAsoonerAtheAavulsedAtoothAisAreimplanted,AtheAbetterAtheAoutcome



tx:

-avoidAtouchingAtheAroot,AhandleAonlyAtheAcrown

-rinseAtoothAinAnormalAsaline,AirrigateAtheAsocketAwithAnormalAsaline

-reimplantAtheAtooth

-haveAtheAptAbiteAdownAonAgauzeAandAreferAtoAdentistAasAsoonAasApossible

-
storeAtheAtoothAinAcoldAmilkAorAsalineAorAstoreAinsideAtheAcheekA(buccalAsulcus)AifAunableAtoArei
mplant

basilarAskullAfractureA-AcorrectAanswerstemporalAboneAisAcommonlyAfracturedA-
AlinearAfractureAisAmostAcommonAfollowedAbyAdepressedAandAbasilarAskullAfractures




causes:Afalls,Aassaults,AcarAcollisions,ApenetratingAmissiles



s/s:AperiorbitalAecchymosisA(raccoonAeyes),AmastoidAecchymosisA(BattleAsign)AappearAinA1-
3AdaysAfollowingAtrauma;AphysicalAexamAdoesAnotAshowAtheseAsignsAimmediately

, assessment:A

-clearArhinorrheaAorAotorrheaA(dischargeAfromAearAorAnoseAsuggestingACSFAleak)

-hemotympanumA(blue-
purpleAcolorAofAtympanicAmembraneA[TM])AcausedAbyAbloodAaccumulationAinAtheAmiddleAear



tx:AreferAtoAED

cholesteatomaA-
AcorrectAanswerscollectionAofAskinAcellsAandAcholesterolAinAaAsacAwithinAtheAmiddleAear




s/s:AcanAbeAasymptomatic;AmayAcomplainAofAhearingAlossAandAintermittentAotorrheaAfromAone
AearAthatAisApurulentAandAfoulAsmelling




onAexam,AthereAisAperforationAofAtheATMAonAtheAsuperiorAquadrantAandAaAcauliflower-
likeAorApearly-
whiteAmass.AanotherApresentationAisAanAintactATMAwithAmissingAlandmarksAandAwhiteAmassAvi
sibleAbehindAtheATM.



risks:AhxAofAchronicAorArecurrentAotitisAmediaAinfection.



considerations:AmassAisAnotAcancerousAbutAcanAerodeAintoAtheAbonesAofAtheAfaceAandAdamageA
theAfacialAnerveA(CNAVII)



tx:AantibioticsAandAsurgicalAexcision/repair

referAtoAotolaryngologist

diptheriaA-AcorrectAanswersinfectiousAdiseaseAcausedAbyAgram-
positiveAbacillusACorynebacteriumAdiphtheriaeA-AveryAcontagiousA-
AcontactAprophylaxisArequired




s/s:AsoreAthroat,Amalaise,Alow-
gradeAfever,AcervicalAlymphadenopathy,ApossibleAswellingAofAsubmandibularAregionAandAanter
iorAneckA(bullAneck)