ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS CH. 10- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS CH. 10- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Who discovered penicillin? - ANS-Alexander Fleming, used as the first antibiotic Where do antibiotics come from? Why do microbes make antibiotics? - ANS-From the antimicrobial agents produced naturally by an organism. It is unknown why microorganisms produce antibiotics. From an evolutionary standpoint, they could confer an advantage but aren't found in high enough quantities in nature. They are also metabolically expensive, leading to the belief that they may just be evolutionary vestiges. Which genera of microbes produce the majority of antibiotics? - ANS-Bacteria (bacillus, streptomyces) and Fungi (penicillin, cephalosporium) What are the five categories of antibacterial drugs? - ANS-1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2. Inhibition of protein synthesis 3. Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane 4. Inhibition of general metabolic pathway 5. Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis 6. Inhibition of pathogen's attachment or entry into host cell Which category of antibacterial drugs has the highest selective toxicity? - ANS-