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Test Bank for Karch's Focus on Nursing Pharmacology by Rebecca Tucker

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Test Bank for Karch's Focus on Nursing Pharmacology by Rebecca Tucker Chapter 01- Introduction to Drugs A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography(CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses? Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacotherapeutics Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Ans: B Feedback: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body. A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as neededfor pain in a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what category would morphine be classified? Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III Schedule IV Ans: B Feedback: Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs because of severe dependence liability. fSchedule fI fdrugs fhave fhigh fabuse fpotential fand fno faccepted fmedical fuse. fSchedule fIII fdrugs fhave fa flesser fabuse fpotential fthan fII fand fan faccepted fmedical fuse. fSchedule fIV fdrugs fhave flow fabuse fpotential fand flimited fdependence fliability. When finvolved fin fphase fIII fdrug fevaluation fstudies, fwhat fresponsibilities fwould fthe fnurse fhave? fWorking fwith fanimals fwho fare fgiven fexperimental fdrugs Choosing fappropriate fpatients fto fbe finvolved fin fthe fdrug fstudy fMonitoring fand fobserving fpatients fclosely ffor fadverse feffects fConducting fresearch fto fdetermine feffectiveness fof fthe fdrugAns: f C Feedback: Phase fIII fstudies finvolve fuse fof fa fdrug fin fa fvast fclinical fpopulation fin fwhich fpatients fare fasked fto frecord fany fsymptoms fthey fexperience fwhile ftaking fthe fdrugs. fNurses fmay fbe fresponsible ffor fhelping fcollect fand fanalyze fthe finformation fto fbe fshared fwith fthe fFood fand fDrug fAdministration f(FDA) fbut fwould fnot fconduct fresearch findependently fbecause fnurses fdo fnot fprescribe fmedications. fUse fof fanimals fin fdrug ftesting fis fdone fin fthe fpreclinical ftrials. fSelect fpatients fwho fare finvolved fin fphase fII fstudies fto fparticipate f in fstudies fwhere fthe fparticipants fhave fthe fdisease fthe fdrug fis fintended fto ftreat. fThese fpatients fare fmonitored fclosely ffor fdrug faction fand fadverse feffects. fPhase fI fstudies finvolve fhealthy fhuman fvolunteers fwho fare fusually fpaid ffor ftheir fparticipation. fNurses fmay fobserve ffor fadverse feffects fand ftoxicity. What fconcept fis fconsidered fwhen fgeneric fdrugs fare fsubstituted ffor fbrand fname fdrugs? fBioavailability Critical fconcentration fDistribution Half-life fAns: A Feedback: Bioavailability fis fthe fportion fof fa fdose fof fa fdrug fthat freaches fthe fsystemic fcirculation fand fis favailable fto fact fon fbody fcells. fBinders fused fin fa fgeneric fdrug fmay fnot fbe fthe fsame fas fthose fused fin fthe fbrand fname fdrug. fTherefore, fthe fway fthe fbody fbreaks fdown fand fuses fthe fdrug fmay fdiffer, fwhich fmay feliminate fa fgeneric fdrug fsubstitution. fCritical fconcentration fis fthe famount fof fa fdrug fthat fis fneeded fto fcause fa ftherapeutic feffect fand fshould fnot fdiffer fbetween fgeneric fand fbrand fname fmedications. fDistribution fis fthe fphase fof fpharmacokinetics, fwhich finvolves fthe fmovement fof fa fdrug fto fthe fbody’s ftissues fand fis fthe same fin fgeneric fand fbrand fname fdrugs. fA fdrug’s fhalf-life fis fthe ftime fit ftakes ffor fthe famount fof fdrug fto fdecrease fto fhalf fthe fpeak flevel, fwhich fshould fnot fchange fwhen fsubstituting fa fgeneric fmedication.

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TEST BANK

, Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
Chapter 01- Introduction to Drugs 3
Chapter 02- Drugs and the Body 20
Chapter 03- Toxic Effects of Drugs 37
Chapter 04- The Nursing Process in Drug Therapy and Patient Safety 54
Chapter 05- Dosage Calculations 71
Chapter 06- Challenges to Effective Drug Therapy 86
Chapter 07- Introduction to Cell Physiology 103
Chapter 08- Anti-infective Agents 120
Chapter 09- Antibiotics 138
Chapter 10- Antiviral Agents 155
Chapter 11- Antifungal Agents 172
Chapter 12- Antiprotozoal Agents 188
Chapter 13- Anthelmintic Agents 204
Chapter 14- Antineoplastic Agents 220
Chapter 15- Introduction to the Immune Response and Inflammation 237
Chapter 16- Anti-inflammatory, Antiarthritis, and Related Agents 254
Chapter 17- Immune Modulators 270
Chapter 18- Vaccines and Sera 287
Chapter 19- Introduction to Nerves and the Nervous System 304
Chapter 20- Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents 320
Chapter 21- Antidepressant Agents 337
Chapter 22- Psychotherapeutic Agents 354
Chapter 23- Antiseizure Agents 371
Chapter 24- Antiparkinsonism Agents 388
Chapter 25- Muscle Relaxants 404
Chapter 26- Narcotics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Antimigraine Agents 420
Chapter 27- General and Local Anesthetic Agents 436
Chapter 28- Neuromuscular Junction Blocking Agents 453
Chapter 29- Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System 470
Chapter 30- Adrenergic Agonists 487
Chapter 31- Adrenergic Antagonists 503
Chapter 32- Cholinergic Agonists 520
Chapter 33- Anticholinergic Agents 536
Chapter 34- Introduction to the Endocrine System 553
Chapter 35- Hypothalamic and Pituitary Agents 569
Chapter 36- Adrenocortical Agents 585
Chapter 37- Thyroid and Parathyroid Agents 602
Chapter 38- Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels 619
Chapter 39- Introduction to the Reproductive System 636
Chapter 40- Drugs Affecting the Female Reproductive System 653
Chapter 41- Drugs Affecting the Male Reproductive System 669
Chapter 42- Introduction to the Cardiovascular System 685
Chapter 43- Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure 702
Chapter 44- Agents for Treating Heart Failure 719
Chapter 45- Antiarrhythmic Agents 735
Chapter 46- Antianginal Agents 752
Chapter 47- Lipid-Lowering Agents 768
Chapter 48- Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation 785
Chapter 49- Drugs Used to Treat Anemias 801
Chapter 50- Introduction to the Renal System 817

,Chapter 51- Diuretic Agents 833
Chapter 52- Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract and the Bladder 849
Chapter 53- Introduction to the Respiratory System 866
Chapter 54- Drugs Acting on the Upper Respiratory Tract 883
Chapter 55- Drugs Acting on the Lower Respiratory Tract 900
Chapter 56- Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System 917
Chapter 57- Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Secretions 933
Chapter 58- Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Motility 949
Chapter 59- Antiemetic Agents 965

,Chapter 01- Introduction to Drugs


A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography(CT)
scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have
cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best
describes the actions of all three nurses?


Pharmacoeconomics


Pharmacotherapeutics


Pharmacodynamics


Pharmacokinetics


Ans: B


Feedback:


Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical
pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of
drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help
diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease.
Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a
drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.


A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as neededfor
pain in a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential.
Under what category would morphine be classified?


Schedule I


Schedule II


Schedule III


Schedule IV


Ans: B


Feedback:


Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs because of severe dependence

, liability. fSchedule fI fdrugs fhave fhigh fabuse fpotential fand fno faccepted fmedical fuse. fSchedule
fIII fdrugs f have fa flesser fabuse fpotential fthan fII fand fan faccepted fmedical fuse. fSchedule fIV
fdrugs fhave flow fabuse f potential f and f limited f dependence f liability.



When finvolved fin fphase fIII fdrug fevaluation fstudies, fwhat fresponsibilities fwould fthe fnurse


fhave? f Working f with f animals f who fare f given f experimental f drugs



Choosing fappropriate fpatients fto fbe finvolved fin fthe fdrug


fstudy f Monitoring fand f observing f patients f closely f for fadverse



f effects fConducting fresearch fto f determine f effectiveness fof fthe



fdrugAns: f C



Feedback:


Phase fIII fstudies finvolve fuse fof fa fdrug fin fa fvast fclinical fpopulation fin fwhich fpatients fare
fasked fto frecord fany f symptoms f they f experience f while ftaking f the f drugs. f Nurses f may f be
fresponsible f for f helping f collect fand fanalyze fthe finformation fto fbe fshared fwith fthe fFood fand
fDrug fAdministration f(FDA) fbut fwould fnot f conduct f research f independently f because f nurses
f do f not f prescribe f medications. f Use f of f animals f in f drug f testing fis f done fin fthe f preclinical
ftrials. fSelect f patients fwho fare finvolved fin f phase f II f studies fto f participate f in f studies f where
fthe f participants f have f the f disease fthe f drug f is f intended f to f treat. f These f patients fare
f monitored fclosely ffor fdrug faction fand fadverse feffects. fPhase f I fstudies f involve f healthy fhuman
fvolunteers f who f are f usually f paid ffor f their f participation. f Nurses f may f observe f for fadverse
f effects fand f toxicity.



What fconcept fis fconsidered fwhen fgeneric fdrugs fare fsubstituted ffor fbrand fname fdrugs?


fBioavailability



Critical fconcentration


fDistribution



Half-life


f Ans: A


Feedback:


Bioavailability fis fthe fportion fof fa fdose fof fa fdrug fthat freaches fthe fsystemic fcirculation fand fis
favailable fto fact fon fbody fcells. fBinders fused fin fa fgeneric fdrug f may fnot fbe fthe fsame fas
fthose fused fin fthe fbrand fname f drug. f Therefore, f the f way f the f body f breaks f down f and f uses
fthe f drug f may f differ, f which f may f eliminate fa f generic f drug f substitution. f Critical
f concentration f is fthe famount f of f a f drug f that f is f needed f to f cause fa f therapeutic f effect fand
fshould f not f differ f between f generic fand fbrand f name f medications. f Distribution fis f the fphase fof
fpharmacokinetics, fwhich finvolves fthe fmovement fof fa fdrug fto fthe fbody’s ftissues fand fis fthe

, same fin fgeneric fand fbrand fname fdrugs. fA fdrug’s fhalf-life fis fthe ftime fit ftakes ffor fthe famount fof
fdrug fto f decrease fto f half fthe f peak flevel, f which fshould f not fchange f when fsubstituting f a f generic
f medication.



A fnurse fis fassessing fthe fpatient’s fhome fmedication fuse. fAfter flistening fto fthe fpatient flist fcurrent
f medications, fthe f nurse fasks f what f priority f question?



Do fyou ftake fany f generic f medications?


Are fany f of fthese f medications f orphan f drugs?


Are fthese fmedications fsafe fto ftake fduring


fpregnancy? f Do f you f take fany f over-the-counter



f medications?



Ans: D


Feedback:


It fis fimportant ffor fthe fnurse fto fspecifically fquestion fuse f of fover-the-counter f medications
f because f patients f may f not fconsider fthem fimportant. f The f patient fis funlikely fto f know fthe f meaning
fof forphan f drugs f unless f they f too f are f health f care f providers. f Safety f during f pregnancy, f use f of fa
f generic f medication, f or f classification fof f orphan f drugs f are f things f the f patient f would f be f unable
fto fanswer f but f could f be f found f in f reference f books fif f the f nurse f wishes f to f research f them.



After fcompleting fa fcourse fon fpharmacology ffor fnurses, fwhat fwill fthe fnurse fknow?


fEverything f necessary f for f safe fand f effective f medication f administration



Current fpharmacologic ftherapy; fthe fnurse fwill fnot frequire fongoing feducation ffor


f5 fyears. fGeneral fdrug finformation; fthe f nurse fcan fconsult fa fdrug f guide f for fspecific



fdrug finformation. f The f drug factions f that f are fassociated f with f each f classification f of



f medicationAns: C


Feedback:


After fcompleting fa fpharmacology fcourse fnurses fwill fhave fgeneral fdrug finformation fneeded ffor
fsafe fand f effective f medication fadministration fbut fwill fneed fto fconsult fa fdrug fguide ffor fspecific
fdrug finformation f before f administering fany f medication. f Pharmacology f is f constantly f changing,
f with f new f drugs f entering f the f market fand f new f uses f for f existing f drugs f identified. f Continuing
f education f in f pharmacology f is f essential fto f safe f practice. f Nurses ftend f to f become f familiar f with
fthe f medications f they f administer f most f often, fbut fthere fwill falways fbe fa fneed fto fresearch fnew
fdrugs fand falso fthose fthe fnurse fis fnot ffamiliar fwith f because f no f nurse f knows f all f medications.

, A fnurse fis finstructing fa fpregnant fpatient fconcerning fthe fpotential frisk fto fher ffetus ffrom fa
fPregnancy f Category f B f drug. f What f would f the f nurse finform f the f patient?



Adequate fstudies fin f pregnant f women f have f demonstrated f there f is f no f risk fto fthe ffetus.


Animal fstudies fhave fnot fdemonstrated fa frisk fto fthe ffetus, fbut fthere fhave fbeen fno fadequate fstudiesin
f pregnant f women.



Animal fstudies fhave fshown fan fadverse feffect fon fthe ffetus, fbut fthere fare fno fadequate fstudies
finpregnant f women.



There fis fevidence fof fhuman ffetal frisk, fbut fthe fpotential fbenefits ffrom fuse fof fthe fdrug fmay
fbeacceptable f despite f potential frisks.



Ans: B


Feedback:


Category fB findicates fthat fanimal fstudies fhave fnot fdemonstrated fa frisk fto fthe ffetus. fHowever,
fthere fhave f not fbeen fadequate fstudies fin fpregnant fwomen fto fdemonstrate frisk fto fa ffetus fduring
fthe ffirst ftrimester fof f pregnancy f and f no f evidence f of frisk f in f later ftrimesters. f Category f A
findicates f that f adequate fstudies f in f pregnant f women f have f not f demonstrated fa frisk fto fthe
ffetus fin fthe ffirst ftrimester f or fin flater ftrimesters.
Category fC findicates fthat fanimal fstudies fhave fshown fan fadverse feffect fon fthe ffetus, fbut
f no fadequate fstudies fin f humans. fCategory fD freveals fevidence fof f human f fetal frisk, fbut fthe
fpotential fbenefits ffrom fthe f use f of f the f drugs f in f pregnant f women f may f outweigh f potential
frisks.



Discharge fplanning ffor fpatients fleaving fthe fhospital fshould finclude finstructions fon fthe fuse fof fover-
the- fcounter f(OTC) fdrugs. fWhich fcomment fby fthe fpatient fwould fdemonstrate fa fgood
funderstanding f of fOTC f drugs?



OTC f drugs fare fsafe fand fdo f not f cause fadverse f effects fif f taken f properly.


OTC fdrugs fhave fbeen faround ffor fyears fand fhave fnot fbeen ftested fby fthe fFood fand fDrug
f Administration f(FDA).



OTC fdrugs fare fdifferent ffrom fany fdrugs favailable fby fprescription fand fcost


fless. f OTC f drugs f could fcause f serious f harm fif f not ftaken faccording f to



f directions.



Ans: D


Feedback:


It fis fimportant fto ffollow fpackage fdirections f because fOTCs fare fmedications fthat fcan fcause
fserious f harm f if f not f taken f properly. f OTCs f are f drugs f that f have f been f determined f to f be
fsafe f when f taken f as f directed; f however, fall fdrugs f can fproduce fadverse feffects feven f when

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