MHA 707 Exam 2- Special Topics questions with verified
answers
. Although other factors may have a minor role, most experts believe that the
majority of the spending difference in prescription medications relates to
Ans✓✓✓ US drug prices in general. Similarly, Langreth, et al (2017) found that
the prices of "blockbuster" new drugs were almost uniformly markedly higher in
the United States, often multiples higher than the UK and Canada.
95% of French citizens also have voluntary health insurance (VHI) Ans✓✓✓ VHI
comes from private insurance carriers and is often provided as a perquisite of
employment. VHI covers what SHI excludes - predominately extra dental and
vision coverage plus any balance billings from physicians.
Access as measured by average wait-times for doctor appointments, high tech
imaging and surgical procedures are very good in France. Ans✓✓✓ However,
there can be large disparities among regions of the country, particularly those
viewed as rural or underserved. These disparities also spill over into life
expectancy and illness data.
Age and Ethnicity in Canada Ans✓✓✓ -age 41.8
-white 87%
-Indian 4.2%
-other 5.2%
Alcohol/Drug abuse- This is a growing detriment to the overall health of people in
all countries. In 2016, the OECD reported Opioid-related Deaths per 1 M
population Ans✓✓✓ United States - 136
UK - 41
,Canada - 121
Sweden - 58
France - 3
Estonia - 80
Although Parliament indirectly has some control over the Health Care system
through Ans✓✓✓ establishment of policy and budgeting, the MSA regulates the
components of the health care system through budgeting and price controls.
Although prices are set by the central authority, physicians are allowed to charge
above the set rate (France) Ans✓✓✓ Last year, 25% of physicians charged above
the national fee schedule regularly. This fact deteriorates the power of
monopsony pricing that would otherwise be present in the French market place
for healthcare.
ambulatory care settings and Community Health Centers (CHC) Ans✓✓✓ which
are operated by the provinces, are becoming more common sites for primary care
delivery. In 2010, there were approximately 300 CHCs in Canada.
At the time universal coverage was enacted, Ans✓✓✓ providers were
reimbursed via fee-for-service (FFS), retrospective reimbursements were allowed
and patients were given unrestricted freedom to choose primary care and even
specialty care providers. This system proved to be too costly so the government
and private insurers enacted several cost sharing schemes including substantially
lower reimbursements for dental, optical and prescription drugs and economic
disincentives for not using a GP gatekeeper.
Balance billing in France represents? Ans✓✓✓ represents the difference between
the SHI reimbursement rate (which is set by the government and the SHI
, insurance companies) and the actual charges made by the provider. Balance
billing amounts can be substantial and are determined by the length of the post-
graduate medical training of the doctor.
Canada Population Ans✓✓✓ 35.1M- 2/3 live on southern border and 84% within
urban centers
Canada- Availability of Care Ans✓✓✓ Wait times for diagnostics and surgical
procedures are a continual source of problem as discussed above. If a service is
"covered" but not available, when does it become constructively "not covered"?
Availability is a crucial part of access.
Canadian Medicare Ans✓✓✓ is a joint program between the federal government
and the 13 provinces and territories of Canada. All citizens are covered by
Canadian Medicare or some other federally-directed program.
Canadian Physicians Ans✓✓✓ -Most physicians are self-employed and work in
private practices. -About 46% of GPs work in a group practice
-20% in multi-specialty practices
-15% in solo practice. Fee-for-service (FFS) is the primary form of physician
reimbursement although recently there has been a move toward alternative
forms of payment, such as capitation.
Common cause of death in Canada? Ans✓✓✓ is cardiovascular disease. This was
followed by lung cancer, stroke and dementia. Suicide and homicide are not in the
top 10 causes of death for adults, nor are unintentional injuries/accidents.
Comparing drug prices between countries is incredibly complex, primarily
because? Ans✓✓✓ of the intricate pricing schemes used by manufacturers with
answers
. Although other factors may have a minor role, most experts believe that the
majority of the spending difference in prescription medications relates to
Ans✓✓✓ US drug prices in general. Similarly, Langreth, et al (2017) found that
the prices of "blockbuster" new drugs were almost uniformly markedly higher in
the United States, often multiples higher than the UK and Canada.
95% of French citizens also have voluntary health insurance (VHI) Ans✓✓✓ VHI
comes from private insurance carriers and is often provided as a perquisite of
employment. VHI covers what SHI excludes - predominately extra dental and
vision coverage plus any balance billings from physicians.
Access as measured by average wait-times for doctor appointments, high tech
imaging and surgical procedures are very good in France. Ans✓✓✓ However,
there can be large disparities among regions of the country, particularly those
viewed as rural or underserved. These disparities also spill over into life
expectancy and illness data.
Age and Ethnicity in Canada Ans✓✓✓ -age 41.8
-white 87%
-Indian 4.2%
-other 5.2%
Alcohol/Drug abuse- This is a growing detriment to the overall health of people in
all countries. In 2016, the OECD reported Opioid-related Deaths per 1 M
population Ans✓✓✓ United States - 136
UK - 41
,Canada - 121
Sweden - 58
France - 3
Estonia - 80
Although Parliament indirectly has some control over the Health Care system
through Ans✓✓✓ establishment of policy and budgeting, the MSA regulates the
components of the health care system through budgeting and price controls.
Although prices are set by the central authority, physicians are allowed to charge
above the set rate (France) Ans✓✓✓ Last year, 25% of physicians charged above
the national fee schedule regularly. This fact deteriorates the power of
monopsony pricing that would otherwise be present in the French market place
for healthcare.
ambulatory care settings and Community Health Centers (CHC) Ans✓✓✓ which
are operated by the provinces, are becoming more common sites for primary care
delivery. In 2010, there were approximately 300 CHCs in Canada.
At the time universal coverage was enacted, Ans✓✓✓ providers were
reimbursed via fee-for-service (FFS), retrospective reimbursements were allowed
and patients were given unrestricted freedom to choose primary care and even
specialty care providers. This system proved to be too costly so the government
and private insurers enacted several cost sharing schemes including substantially
lower reimbursements for dental, optical and prescription drugs and economic
disincentives for not using a GP gatekeeper.
Balance billing in France represents? Ans✓✓✓ represents the difference between
the SHI reimbursement rate (which is set by the government and the SHI
, insurance companies) and the actual charges made by the provider. Balance
billing amounts can be substantial and are determined by the length of the post-
graduate medical training of the doctor.
Canada Population Ans✓✓✓ 35.1M- 2/3 live on southern border and 84% within
urban centers
Canada- Availability of Care Ans✓✓✓ Wait times for diagnostics and surgical
procedures are a continual source of problem as discussed above. If a service is
"covered" but not available, when does it become constructively "not covered"?
Availability is a crucial part of access.
Canadian Medicare Ans✓✓✓ is a joint program between the federal government
and the 13 provinces and territories of Canada. All citizens are covered by
Canadian Medicare or some other federally-directed program.
Canadian Physicians Ans✓✓✓ -Most physicians are self-employed and work in
private practices. -About 46% of GPs work in a group practice
-20% in multi-specialty practices
-15% in solo practice. Fee-for-service (FFS) is the primary form of physician
reimbursement although recently there has been a move toward alternative
forms of payment, such as capitation.
Common cause of death in Canada? Ans✓✓✓ is cardiovascular disease. This was
followed by lung cancer, stroke and dementia. Suicide and homicide are not in the
top 10 causes of death for adults, nor are unintentional injuries/accidents.
Comparing drug prices between countries is incredibly complex, primarily
because? Ans✓✓✓ of the intricate pricing schemes used by manufacturers with
