FHD Block 1 UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
what are the 3 stimuli that mediate renin release - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. low afferent
arteriole BP
2. NE on beta1 receptors in kidney
3. low Na absorption in distal tubule
describe parasympathetic control of BP - CORRECT ANSWER - output from medulla
releases Ach on muscarinic heart receptors at SA/AV nodes to decrease HR and conductivity
what is a chronotropic effect - CORRECT ANSWER - an affect that changes heart rate.
+ chronotropic = increased HR
- chronotropic = decreased HR
what is a dromotropic affect - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased conductance
describe sympathetic control of BP - CORRECT ANSWER - output from medulla releases
NE on Beta1 in heart SA/AV/Vent.mm. to increase HR and contractility
output from spinal cord releases NE on alpha 1 to promote systemic vasoconstriction
NE on beta 1 in kidneys also leads to renin secretion
describe angiotensin affects - CORRECT ANSWER - vasoconstriction, upregulation of
NE and inhibition of NE reuptake, increased EFV via thirst and increased sodium reabsorption
describe the tonic state of the baroreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER - fire more the more
stretched they are. faster firing = high BP = act to lower CO/ slow HR
, what controls active hyperemia and what regions are dominated by this mechanism - CORRECT
ANSWER - metabolic activity: skeletal muscle and brain
what controls reactive hyperemia - CORRECT ANSWER - previous periods of decreased
blood flow
presentation of aortic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased stroke volume
increased peak pressure, EDV and ESV
systolic ejection murmur
presentation of mitral stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased stroke volume
decreased EDV
same or slightly decreased pulse pressure and ESV
mumur during rapid filling phase or atrial contraction
presentation of aortic regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER - increased stroke volume
increased peak pressure
increased ESV and EDV
diastolic murmur
presentation of mitral regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER - increased stroke volume
increased ESV and EDV
same or slightly decreased peak pressure
systolic murmur
what are the major cations of ECF - CORRECT ANSWER - Na/Cl and bicarbonate
and CORRECT Answers
what are the 3 stimuli that mediate renin release - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. low afferent
arteriole BP
2. NE on beta1 receptors in kidney
3. low Na absorption in distal tubule
describe parasympathetic control of BP - CORRECT ANSWER - output from medulla
releases Ach on muscarinic heart receptors at SA/AV nodes to decrease HR and conductivity
what is a chronotropic effect - CORRECT ANSWER - an affect that changes heart rate.
+ chronotropic = increased HR
- chronotropic = decreased HR
what is a dromotropic affect - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased conductance
describe sympathetic control of BP - CORRECT ANSWER - output from medulla releases
NE on Beta1 in heart SA/AV/Vent.mm. to increase HR and contractility
output from spinal cord releases NE on alpha 1 to promote systemic vasoconstriction
NE on beta 1 in kidneys also leads to renin secretion
describe angiotensin affects - CORRECT ANSWER - vasoconstriction, upregulation of
NE and inhibition of NE reuptake, increased EFV via thirst and increased sodium reabsorption
describe the tonic state of the baroreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER - fire more the more
stretched they are. faster firing = high BP = act to lower CO/ slow HR
, what controls active hyperemia and what regions are dominated by this mechanism - CORRECT
ANSWER - metabolic activity: skeletal muscle and brain
what controls reactive hyperemia - CORRECT ANSWER - previous periods of decreased
blood flow
presentation of aortic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased stroke volume
increased peak pressure, EDV and ESV
systolic ejection murmur
presentation of mitral stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased stroke volume
decreased EDV
same or slightly decreased pulse pressure and ESV
mumur during rapid filling phase or atrial contraction
presentation of aortic regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER - increased stroke volume
increased peak pressure
increased ESV and EDV
diastolic murmur
presentation of mitral regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER - increased stroke volume
increased ESV and EDV
same or slightly decreased peak pressure
systolic murmur
what are the major cations of ECF - CORRECT ANSWER - Na/Cl and bicarbonate
