BIOD331 Pathophysiology (Module 3)
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for the
destruction of virus-infected cells?
A. B lymphocytes
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Natural killer (NK) cells
D. Macrophages
ANS: B. Cytotoxic T cells
Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells specifically target and kill virus-
infected cells and are a key component of adaptive immunity.
2. What does the abbreviation "IgG" stand for?
©2025
, A. Immunoglobulin G
B. Immune Growth Factor
C. Immunoglobulin Giant
D. Immune Globular Protein
ANS: A. Immunoglobulin G
Rationale: IgG is an antibody subtype involved in long-term
immunity and passive immune transfer to offspring.
3. Which cytokine plays a central role in mediating fever during
an inflammatory response?
A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
B. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
C. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
ANS: A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Rationale: IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to elevate body
temperature during inflammation.
4. Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the destruction
of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Multiple sclerosis
©2025
, C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
ANS: B. Multiple sclerosis
Rationale: In multiple sclerosis, immune dysfunction causes
demyelination in the CNS, impairing neuronal communication.
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True/False Questions
5. A primary immune response is faster and stronger than a
secondary immune response.
ANS: False
Rationale: Secondary immune responses are faster and
stronger due to memory cells from the initial exposure.
6. Complement proteins play a direct role in destroying pathogens
by forming membrane attack complexes.
ANS: True
Rationale: The complement system forms membrane attack
complexes to lyse pathogen cells.
©2025
, 7. IgE is the antibody subtype most commonly involved in
allergic reactions.
ANS: True
Rationale: IgE mediates hypersensitivity reactions by binding
to mast cells and releasing histamine.
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The ________ cells of the innate immune system are
responsible for the initial defense against bacterial infections.
ANS: Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial
infections and play a key role in innate immunity.
9. The ability of immune cells to recognize and respond to self-
antigens is called ________.
ANS: Tolerance
Rationale: Tolerance prevents immune cells from attacking
the body’s own tissues.
10. A failure of the immune system to differentiate between self
and non-self antigens leads to ________ diseases.
©2025
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for the
destruction of virus-infected cells?
A. B lymphocytes
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Natural killer (NK) cells
D. Macrophages
ANS: B. Cytotoxic T cells
Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells specifically target and kill virus-
infected cells and are a key component of adaptive immunity.
2. What does the abbreviation "IgG" stand for?
©2025
, A. Immunoglobulin G
B. Immune Growth Factor
C. Immunoglobulin Giant
D. Immune Globular Protein
ANS: A. Immunoglobulin G
Rationale: IgG is an antibody subtype involved in long-term
immunity and passive immune transfer to offspring.
3. Which cytokine plays a central role in mediating fever during
an inflammatory response?
A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
B. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
C. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
ANS: A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Rationale: IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to elevate body
temperature during inflammation.
4. Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the destruction
of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Multiple sclerosis
©2025
, C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
ANS: B. Multiple sclerosis
Rationale: In multiple sclerosis, immune dysfunction causes
demyelination in the CNS, impairing neuronal communication.
---
True/False Questions
5. A primary immune response is faster and stronger than a
secondary immune response.
ANS: False
Rationale: Secondary immune responses are faster and
stronger due to memory cells from the initial exposure.
6. Complement proteins play a direct role in destroying pathogens
by forming membrane attack complexes.
ANS: True
Rationale: The complement system forms membrane attack
complexes to lyse pathogen cells.
©2025
, 7. IgE is the antibody subtype most commonly involved in
allergic reactions.
ANS: True
Rationale: IgE mediates hypersensitivity reactions by binding
to mast cells and releasing histamine.
---
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The ________ cells of the innate immune system are
responsible for the initial defense against bacterial infections.
ANS: Neutrophil
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial
infections and play a key role in innate immunity.
9. The ability of immune cells to recognize and respond to self-
antigens is called ________.
ANS: Tolerance
Rationale: Tolerance prevents immune cells from attacking
the body’s own tissues.
10. A failure of the immune system to differentiate between self
and non-self antigens leads to ________ diseases.
©2025
