Emergency Medicine Shelf exam|complete study guide with detailed questions and 100% verified answers.

Leading cause of pediatric morbidity - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Falls. Most common from 0-14 Leading cause of pediatric morality - CORRECT ANSWERS️️MVA Anatomic differences of kids - CORRECT ANSWERS️️1. more compact organs 2. relatively compact head 3. more elastic ligaments kids response to shock - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Normal BP w/ early shock. Different baseline HR, BP Greater propensity for spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) More heat loss (sa) AVPU - CORRECT ANSWERS️️A= awake V=verbal stimulation response P= painful stimulation U= completely unresponsive Wadell triad - CORRECT ANSWERS️️1. closed head injury 2. intraabdominal injury 3. mid-shaft femur fracture What predicts intracranial injury risk (should CT)? - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Seizures, low CGS, scalp hematomas (parietal/temporal), altered mental status. NOT LOC. SALTER-Harris - CORRECT ANSWERS️️severity scale based on epiphysis fx S=straight across A=above epiphysis L=low or beLow epiphysis T=Two or Through ER=erasure of growth plate or crush Greenstick fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️soft bones in which the bone bends and only partially breaks. Buckle (torus) fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️longitudinal force on kid bones. easier to see on lateral. Boxer's fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️4th or 5th metacarpal. Close fist and look at hand alignment and look for finger malrotation. CRITOE - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Ossification centers of the elbow: C-capitellum=1yr, R-radial head=3yr, I-internal medial epicondyle=5yr, T-trochlea=7yrs, O-olecranon=9yrs, E-external (lateral) epicondyle=11yrs Supracondylar fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand) Gartland 1: non-displaced Gartland 2: displaced but intact Gartland 3: displaced with disruption or ant/post periosteum. Neurovascular compromise/comapartment syndrome Toddler fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Spiral or oblique fx through distal 3rd of tibia non-displaced. -Etiology: Often un-witnessed fall or minor trauma. -Sx: Limp. Pain with gentle twisting of LE or heel tap. -Tx: short or long leg cast for 3-4weeks Avulsion fx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️sudden traction forces by muscles results in avulsion of apophysis (twisted ankle or ligaments/muscles attached) Heat related illness - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Edema Tetany malaria rubra syncope cramps exhaustion Cold related illnesses - CORRECT ANSWERS️️frostnip pernio-chillblains Kibe (chilblains on heel) Trench foot Surfer's ear Frostbite Heat Stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Core temp >40C w/ CNS dysfx in setting of environmental heat load Drugs that cause heat stroke - CORRECT ANSWERS️️Diphenhydramine (Ach) phenothiazines (dopamine blockers) Ethanol Cocaine Ecstasy Frostbite risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS️️smoking, prolonged hand/arm vibration, chronic dz affecting vasculature Frostbite - appearance -dx - CORRECT ANSWERS️️waxy, hard, insensate. Blisters containing blood or clear fluid. Don't rub affected areas. -dx: clinical, angiography, technetium99