1. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
2. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
4. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
D. Uterine fibroids
Answer: A. Endometriosis
Rationale: Endometriosis is characterized by pelvic pain,
particularly during menstruation, and dyspareunia (pain during
intercourse), due to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the
uterus.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
, trauma, such as a fall.
6. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
the extremities.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
2. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
4. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
D. Uterine fibroids
Answer: A. Endometriosis
Rationale: Endometriosis is characterized by pelvic pain,
particularly during menstruation, and dyspareunia (pain during
intercourse), due to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the
uterus.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
, trauma, such as a fall.
6. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
the extremities.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
