1. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with hair loss, weight
gain, and cold intolerance. Her laboratory tests show low TSH,
low T3, and low T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that
causes hypothyroidism. The low TSH, T3, and T4 levels, along
with the clinical presentation, are consistent with this diagnosis.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
3. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
,A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Cellulitis
C. Lymphedema
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: DVT is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in
the affected leg, often in the calf, due to a blood clot in the deep
veins.
4. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
, myocardial infarction (heart attack).
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
gain, and cold intolerance. Her laboratory tests show low TSH,
low T3, and low T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: C. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that
causes hypothyroidism. The low TSH, T3, and T4 levels, along
with the clinical presentation, are consistent with this diagnosis.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
3. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
,A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Cellulitis
C. Lymphedema
D. Peripheral artery disease
Answer: A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: DVT is characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in
the affected leg, often in the calf, due to a blood clot in the deep
veins.
4. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
, myocardial infarction (heart attack).
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
