1. Case Study: A 40-year-old female presents with bilateral leg
swelling and fatigue. She has a history of recent cancer treatment.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Lymphedema
B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
C. Heart failure
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Answer: A. Lymphedema
Rationale: Lymphedema is a common consequence of cancer
treatments, especially if lymph nodes were removed or radiation
was used, causing fluid accumulation in the tissues.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
,B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
5. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
, the extremities.
6. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with hoarseness and difficulty swallowing.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Laryngitis
B. Esophageal cancer
C. Lung cancer
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing in a smoker could
indicate a malignant process, such as lung cancer, especially if
there is involvement of the larynx or surrounding structures.
7. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
swelling and fatigue. She has a history of recent cancer treatment.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Lymphedema
B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
C. Heart failure
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Answer: A. Lymphedema
Rationale: Lymphedema is a common consequence of cancer
treatments, especially if lymph nodes were removed or radiation
was used, causing fluid accumulation in the tissues.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
,B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
5. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
, the extremities.
6. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with hoarseness and difficulty swallowing.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Laryngitis
B. Esophageal cancer
C. Lung cancer
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing in a smoker could
indicate a malignant process, such as lung cancer, especially if
there is involvement of the larynx or surrounding structures.
7. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
