1. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
3. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
,D. Uterine fibroids
Answer: A. Endometriosis
Rationale: Endometriosis is characterized by pelvic pain,
particularly during menstruation, and dyspareunia (pain during
intercourse), due to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the
uterus.
4. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
5. Case Study: A 65-year-old female presents with dizziness, a
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected
in this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and
sensory changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a
possible cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
, 6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol
use presents with confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B. Alcoholic hepatitis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cirrhosis
Answer: A. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological
disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, commonly associated with
chronic alcohol use, leading to confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
3. Case Study: A 35-year-old female presents with severe pelvic
pain, particularly during menstruation, and pain during
intercourse.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Endometriosis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
C. Ovarian cyst
,D. Uterine fibroids
Answer: A. Endometriosis
Rationale: Endometriosis is characterized by pelvic pain,
particularly during menstruation, and dyspareunia (pain during
intercourse), due to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the
uterus.
4. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
5. Case Study: A 65-year-old female presents with dizziness, a
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected
in this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and
sensory changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a
possible cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
, 6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol
use presents with confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B. Alcoholic hepatitis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cirrhosis
Answer: A. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a neurological
disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, commonly associated with
chronic alcohol use, leading to confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
