1. Case Study: A 20-year-old female presents with weakness,
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
3. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
,A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
the extremities.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
, myocardial infarction (heart attack).
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with sudden
abdominal pain and vomiting. She has a history of gallstones.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Gallbladder rupture
B. Gallstone ileus
C. Cholecystitis
D. Acute pancreatitis
Answer: C. Cholecystitis
Rationale: Cholecystitis, the inflammation of the gallbladder often
caused by gallstones, can cause sudden abdominal pain and
vomiting.
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
3. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
,A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
the extremities.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
, myocardial infarction (heart attack).
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with sudden
abdominal pain and vomiting. She has a history of gallstones.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Gallbladder rupture
B. Gallstone ileus
C. Cholecystitis
D. Acute pancreatitis
Answer: C. Cholecystitis
Rationale: Cholecystitis, the inflammation of the gallbladder often
caused by gallstones, can cause sudden abdominal pain and
vomiting.
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
