Geology 105 CofC Test 2 Colgan || with 100% Error-free
Answers.
Acanthostega correct answers first amphibian; one of the first vertebrate animals to have
recognizable limbs; lived almost entirely in fresh water
Arthodires correct answers armored jaw fish that flourished in the Devonian period before their
sudden extinction, surviving for 50 mill. years and penetrating most marine ecological niche
Amino Acids correct answers proteins of life
Lobefin Fishes correct answers immediate predecessor of tetrapods (most closely related to us);
have a central appendage in their fins containing many bones and muscles
Rayfin Fishes correct answers largest and most successful group of fishes and make up half of all
living vertebrates; fish with true teeth, true bones, and a jaw bone
Archaea correct answers any group of single celled prokaryotic organisms; best candidate for
earliest life (can live in extreme environments)
Isua, Greenland correct answers first chemical evidence of life; biologically produced carbon,
shallow marine vent community
Agnatha correct answers chordate jawless fish
C. megalodon correct answers giant shark of South Carolina, fed on whales
Deuterostome correct answers filter-feeders with floating larvae; include echinoderms and
chordates
Eryops correct answers most famous Paleozoic amphibian; evolved from lobe-finned fish,
adapted many fish-like characteristics for land life
BIF (Banded Iron Formations) correct answers sedimentary rocks found mainly in sequences
older than 1800MYA; we find increasing accumulations of these from the beginning of the
Archaean
Ichtyostega correct answers one of the first tetrapods in the fossil record
Lung Fishes correct answers used gills to breathe air into lungs; connected to the first land
creatures; the side fins are the same bones that create arms and legs
Pikaia correct answers a primitive chordate; worm; if Pikaia didn't survive, we wouldn't exist
*historically contingent*
, Trace Fossils correct answers fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal
C. Lyell correct answers father of modern geology, created concept of uniformitarianism
Lateral Line correct answers sensors under the shark's skin that monitors pressure and helps
sharks find surrounding fish; only functional in water
Eusthenopteron correct answers Devonian fish. "the fish with legs," similar limb and bone
structure
Hallucigenia correct answers Cambrian animal found in Burgess Shale; had 14 "tentacles" that
seemed to have a mouth at each tip; only 3 cm long
Labrythodont correct answers one of the first land animals/amphibians, the pectoral and pelvic
fins were modified into short, powerful legs
Placoderms correct answers jawed fish from the Silurian period with absent teeth; outside shell
of its head and neck were made of bone while the remainder of its body was cartilage
Tiktaalik correct answers has a neck for receiving oxygen and wrists (like us)
Amphioxus correct answers chordate; intermediate form between invertebrates; has a notochord
and gills, slender fish without eyes or definite head
Coelacanths correct answers transition to land animals; used fins to waddle-gave rise to
amphibians
Stomatolites correct answers structures formed in shallow water by the accretion and
cementation of sedimentary grains of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria
Prokaryotic cells correct answers no nucleus/internal structure
Helicoprion correct answers shark-like fish
Tommotian fauna correct answers diverse, early Cambrian shelly fauna provided diversity;
secreted skeletons including mollusks, archeocyathids, etc..
Opabinia correct answers small Cambrian critter, caught prey with grasping claws of its long,
tube-like proboscis
Tetrapods correct answers first four-limbed vertebrates
Anomalocaris correct answers extinct shrimp-like life form closely related to arthropods; top
predator that rules during Cambrian period
Answers.
Acanthostega correct answers first amphibian; one of the first vertebrate animals to have
recognizable limbs; lived almost entirely in fresh water
Arthodires correct answers armored jaw fish that flourished in the Devonian period before their
sudden extinction, surviving for 50 mill. years and penetrating most marine ecological niche
Amino Acids correct answers proteins of life
Lobefin Fishes correct answers immediate predecessor of tetrapods (most closely related to us);
have a central appendage in their fins containing many bones and muscles
Rayfin Fishes correct answers largest and most successful group of fishes and make up half of all
living vertebrates; fish with true teeth, true bones, and a jaw bone
Archaea correct answers any group of single celled prokaryotic organisms; best candidate for
earliest life (can live in extreme environments)
Isua, Greenland correct answers first chemical evidence of life; biologically produced carbon,
shallow marine vent community
Agnatha correct answers chordate jawless fish
C. megalodon correct answers giant shark of South Carolina, fed on whales
Deuterostome correct answers filter-feeders with floating larvae; include echinoderms and
chordates
Eryops correct answers most famous Paleozoic amphibian; evolved from lobe-finned fish,
adapted many fish-like characteristics for land life
BIF (Banded Iron Formations) correct answers sedimentary rocks found mainly in sequences
older than 1800MYA; we find increasing accumulations of these from the beginning of the
Archaean
Ichtyostega correct answers one of the first tetrapods in the fossil record
Lung Fishes correct answers used gills to breathe air into lungs; connected to the first land
creatures; the side fins are the same bones that create arms and legs
Pikaia correct answers a primitive chordate; worm; if Pikaia didn't survive, we wouldn't exist
*historically contingent*
, Trace Fossils correct answers fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal
C. Lyell correct answers father of modern geology, created concept of uniformitarianism
Lateral Line correct answers sensors under the shark's skin that monitors pressure and helps
sharks find surrounding fish; only functional in water
Eusthenopteron correct answers Devonian fish. "the fish with legs," similar limb and bone
structure
Hallucigenia correct answers Cambrian animal found in Burgess Shale; had 14 "tentacles" that
seemed to have a mouth at each tip; only 3 cm long
Labrythodont correct answers one of the first land animals/amphibians, the pectoral and pelvic
fins were modified into short, powerful legs
Placoderms correct answers jawed fish from the Silurian period with absent teeth; outside shell
of its head and neck were made of bone while the remainder of its body was cartilage
Tiktaalik correct answers has a neck for receiving oxygen and wrists (like us)
Amphioxus correct answers chordate; intermediate form between invertebrates; has a notochord
and gills, slender fish without eyes or definite head
Coelacanths correct answers transition to land animals; used fins to waddle-gave rise to
amphibians
Stomatolites correct answers structures formed in shallow water by the accretion and
cementation of sedimentary grains of microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria
Prokaryotic cells correct answers no nucleus/internal structure
Helicoprion correct answers shark-like fish
Tommotian fauna correct answers diverse, early Cambrian shelly fauna provided diversity;
secreted skeletons including mollusks, archeocyathids, etc..
Opabinia correct answers small Cambrian critter, caught prey with grasping claws of its long,
tube-like proboscis
Tetrapods correct answers first four-limbed vertebrates
Anomalocaris correct answers extinct shrimp-like life form closely related to arthropods; top
predator that rules during Cambrian period
