NASM CPT EXAM COMPLETE SET WITH
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
nervous system - correct answer-✅communication network within the body.
nervous system functions - correct answer-✅1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system (CNS) - correct answer-✅brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - correct answer-✅nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body
and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Somatic - correct answer-✅- apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
Autonomic - correct answer-✅- apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Parasympathetic - correct answer-✅- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic - correct answer-✅- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
neuron - correct answer-✅functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
motor neurons - correct answer-✅- efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
sensory neurons - correct answer-✅- afferent
- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors - correct answer-✅sense distortion in body tissues.
Joint receptors - correct answer-✅respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) - correct answer-✅sense changes in muscular tension.
Muscle spindles - correct answer-✅sense changes in muscle length.
Tendons - correct answer-✅connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force.
Fascia - correct answer-✅outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
Fascicles - correct answer-✅bundle of individual muscle fibers.
Muscle fiber - correct answer-✅cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane.
Sarcomere - correct answer-✅produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.
Sliding filament theory - correct answer-✅thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening
the entire sarcomere.
,Type I muscle tissue - correct answer-✅- slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
Type II muscle tissue - correct answer-✅- fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
Motor unit - correct answer-✅one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
Neural activation - correct answer-✅contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Neurotransmitters - correct answer-✅chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to
muscle.
Local stabilization system - correct answer-✅attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse
abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
Global stabilization system - correct answer-✅attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions
of internal oblique.
Movement system - correct answer-✅attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of: latissimus
dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
Axial skeleton - correct answer-✅skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton - correct answer-✅upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles.
Skeletal system functions - correct answer-✅supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces
blood, stores minerals.
Skeletal depressions - correct answer-✅lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle
attachment sites.
Skeletal Processes - correct answer-✅projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and
ligaments can attach.
Ligaments - correct answer-✅connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
Arthrokinematics - correct answer-✅joint motion.
Non-synovial joints - correct answer-✅nojoint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no
movement.
Synovial joints - correct answer-✅held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with
movement.
Major motion types - correct answer-✅roll, slide, and spin.
Hinge joint - correct answer-✅elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
Ball-and-socket joint - correct answer-✅shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
Weight-bearing exercise - correct answer-✅the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
Endocrine system - correct answer-✅system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily function
Testosterone - correct answer-✅responsible for male sex traits.
Estrogen - correct answer-✅influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible for
female sex traits.
Growth hormone - correct answer-✅anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until puberty.
Insulin - correct answer-✅regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.
Cardiorespiratory system - correct answer-✅cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Cardiovascular system - correct answer-✅heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle - correct answer-✅shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary.
Atria - correct answer-✅smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right atrium - correct answer-✅gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium - correct answer-✅gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node - correct answer-✅located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate;
"pacemaker for the heart".
Ventricles - correct answer-✅larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
, Right ventricle - correct answer-✅pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle - correct answer-✅pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries - correct answer-✅carry blood away from the heart.
Veins - correct answer-✅transport blood back to the heart.
Arterioles - correct answer-✅mall branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries - correct answer-✅smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
Functions of blood - correct answer-✅1. transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
2. regulation: temperature, pH
3. protection: clotting, immunity
Venules - correct answer-✅very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
Stroke volume - correct answer-✅amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
Heart rate - correct answer-✅the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult= 70-80 bpm.
Cardiac output - correct answer-✅volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate ×stroke volume
Respiratory system - correct answer-✅lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes
CO2.
Inspiration - correct answer-✅contracting inspiratory muscles to move air intolungs.
Primary inspiratory muscles - correct answer-✅diaphragm, external intercostals.
Secondary inspiratory muscles - correct answer-✅scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.
Expiration - correct answer-✅relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles
(active) to move air out.
Expiratory muscles - correct answer-✅internal intercostals, abdominals.
Resting oxygen consumption (VO2) - correct answer-✅3.5 ml × kg-1× min-1= 1 metabolic
equivalent(MET)
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) - correct answer-✅highest rate of oxygen transport and
utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
Abnormal breathing patterns - correct answer-✅associated with stress and anxiety; may result in
headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.
Cardiorespiratory exercise increases: - correct answer-✅this type of exercise increases cardiac output,
breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and
sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.
Cardiorespiratory exercise decreases: - correct answer-✅this type of exercise decreases resting heart
rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity,
and diabetes.
Bioenergetics - correct answer-✅study of energy in the human body.
Metabolism - correct answer-✅process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and
disposed of by the body.
Aerobic - correct answer-✅requires oxygen.
Anaerobic - correct answer-✅without oxygen.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer-✅energy storage and transfer unitwithin cells.
Anaerobic threshold - correct answer-✅where the body can no longer produce enough energy with
normal oxygen intake.
Excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC) - correct answer-✅elevation of metabolism after exercise.
Oxidative Systems - correct answer-✅- aerobic glycolysis
- krebs cycle
- electron transport chains
- long term energy
aerobic glycolysis - correct answer-✅A metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to facilitate the use of
glycogen for energy (ATP)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
nervous system - correct answer-✅communication network within the body.
nervous system functions - correct answer-✅1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system (CNS) - correct answer-✅brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - correct answer-✅nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body
and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Somatic - correct answer-✅- apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
Autonomic - correct answer-✅- apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Parasympathetic - correct answer-✅- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic - correct answer-✅- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
neuron - correct answer-✅functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
motor neurons - correct answer-✅- efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
sensory neurons - correct answer-✅- afferent
- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors - correct answer-✅sense distortion in body tissues.
Joint receptors - correct answer-✅respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) - correct answer-✅sense changes in muscular tension.
Muscle spindles - correct answer-✅sense changes in muscle length.
Tendons - correct answer-✅connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force.
Fascia - correct answer-✅outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
Fascicles - correct answer-✅bundle of individual muscle fibers.
Muscle fiber - correct answer-✅cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane.
Sarcomere - correct answer-✅produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.
Sliding filament theory - correct answer-✅thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening
the entire sarcomere.
,Type I muscle tissue - correct answer-✅- slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
Type II muscle tissue - correct answer-✅- fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
Motor unit - correct answer-✅one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
Neural activation - correct answer-✅contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
Neurotransmitters - correct answer-✅chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to
muscle.
Local stabilization system - correct answer-✅attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse
abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
Global stabilization system - correct answer-✅attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions
of internal oblique.
Movement system - correct answer-✅attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of: latissimus
dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
Axial skeleton - correct answer-✅skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton - correct answer-✅upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles.
Skeletal system functions - correct answer-✅supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces
blood, stores minerals.
Skeletal depressions - correct answer-✅lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle
attachment sites.
Skeletal Processes - correct answer-✅projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and
ligaments can attach.
Ligaments - correct answer-✅connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
Arthrokinematics - correct answer-✅joint motion.
Non-synovial joints - correct answer-✅nojoint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no
movement.
Synovial joints - correct answer-✅held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with
movement.
Major motion types - correct answer-✅roll, slide, and spin.
Hinge joint - correct answer-✅elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
Ball-and-socket joint - correct answer-✅shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
Weight-bearing exercise - correct answer-✅the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
Endocrine system - correct answer-✅system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily function
Testosterone - correct answer-✅responsible for male sex traits.
Estrogen - correct answer-✅influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible for
female sex traits.
Growth hormone - correct answer-✅anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until puberty.
Insulin - correct answer-✅regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.
Cardiorespiratory system - correct answer-✅cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Cardiovascular system - correct answer-✅heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle - correct answer-✅shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary.
Atria - correct answer-✅smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right atrium - correct answer-✅gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium - correct answer-✅gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node - correct answer-✅located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate;
"pacemaker for the heart".
Ventricles - correct answer-✅larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
, Right ventricle - correct answer-✅pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle - correct answer-✅pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries - correct answer-✅carry blood away from the heart.
Veins - correct answer-✅transport blood back to the heart.
Arterioles - correct answer-✅mall branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries - correct answer-✅smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange.
Functions of blood - correct answer-✅1. transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
2. regulation: temperature, pH
3. protection: clotting, immunity
Venules - correct answer-✅very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
Stroke volume - correct answer-✅amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
Heart rate - correct answer-✅the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult= 70-80 bpm.
Cardiac output - correct answer-✅volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate ×stroke volume
Respiratory system - correct answer-✅lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes
CO2.
Inspiration - correct answer-✅contracting inspiratory muscles to move air intolungs.
Primary inspiratory muscles - correct answer-✅diaphragm, external intercostals.
Secondary inspiratory muscles - correct answer-✅scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.
Expiration - correct answer-✅relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles
(active) to move air out.
Expiratory muscles - correct answer-✅internal intercostals, abdominals.
Resting oxygen consumption (VO2) - correct answer-✅3.5 ml × kg-1× min-1= 1 metabolic
equivalent(MET)
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) - correct answer-✅highest rate of oxygen transport and
utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
Abnormal breathing patterns - correct answer-✅associated with stress and anxiety; may result in
headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.
Cardiorespiratory exercise increases: - correct answer-✅this type of exercise increases cardiac output,
breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and
sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.
Cardiorespiratory exercise decreases: - correct answer-✅this type of exercise decreases resting heart
rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity,
and diabetes.
Bioenergetics - correct answer-✅study of energy in the human body.
Metabolism - correct answer-✅process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and
disposed of by the body.
Aerobic - correct answer-✅requires oxygen.
Anaerobic - correct answer-✅without oxygen.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer-✅energy storage and transfer unitwithin cells.
Anaerobic threshold - correct answer-✅where the body can no longer produce enough energy with
normal oxygen intake.
Excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC) - correct answer-✅elevation of metabolism after exercise.
Oxidative Systems - correct answer-✅- aerobic glycolysis
- krebs cycle
- electron transport chains
- long term energy
aerobic glycolysis - correct answer-✅A metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to facilitate the use of
glycogen for energy (ATP)
