SPCE 630 FINAL EXAM WITH 100%
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
1. strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following
except - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️history
2. the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️removing a successful intervention
3. external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️having at
least 3 participants
4. unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ second
intervention phase
5. which is the most powerful within-subject design? - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A
️ BAB
6. in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️immediately after condition changes
7. when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️intervention 1
8. which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is not withdrawn, lack of
control for internal validity, lack of control for external validity, cannot determine functional
relationships) - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️intervention is not withdrawn
9. what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process
10. the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity?
, a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️d
11. history - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome
12. maturation - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔c️ hanges in behavior due to passage of time
13. testing - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️threat in any study that requires participants to respond to
the same test repeatedly
14. facilitative effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ n improvement in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
15. inhibitive effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️a deterioration in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
16. multiple-treatment interference - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️occurs when a study participant's
behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments" or interventions during the
course of a study
17. sequential confounding - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔w ️ hen the order in which experimental
conditions are introduced to participants influences their behavior
18. carryover effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️the effect when a procedure used in one
experimental condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
19. instability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️the amount of variability in the data over time
20. cyclical veriability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ specific type of data instability that refers to a
repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
1. strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following
except - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️history
2. the primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️removing a successful intervention
3. external validity of an ABAB design can be improved by - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️having at
least 3 participants
4. unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ second
intervention phase
5. which is the most powerful within-subject design? - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔A
️ BAB
6. in withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️immediately after condition changes
7. when using "ABC Notation," the B stands for - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️intervention 1
8. which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is not withdrawn, lack of
control for internal validity, lack of control for external validity, cannot determine functional
relationships) - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️intervention is not withdrawn
9. what can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? - CORRECT
ANSWERS.✔️✔️disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process
10. the withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity?
, a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️d
11. history - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️refers to events that occur during an experiment, but are not
related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcome
12. maturation - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔c️ hanges in behavior due to passage of time
13. testing - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️threat in any study that requires participants to respond to
the same test repeatedly
14. facilitative effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ n improvement in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
15. inhibitive effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️a deterioration in performance over successive
baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
16. multiple-treatment interference - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️occurs when a study participant's
behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments" or interventions during the
course of a study
17. sequential confounding - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔w ️ hen the order in which experimental
conditions are introduced to participants influences their behavior
18. carryover effect - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️the effect when a procedure used in one
experimental condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
19. instability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔️the amount of variability in the data over time
20. cyclical veriability - CORRECT ANSWERS.✔️✔a️ specific type of data instability that refers to a
repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
