AORN 2025 MIDTERM EXAM WITH CURRENTLY
TESTING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Two Treatises of Civil Government - CORRECT ANSWER-This book, published by
John Locke in 1689, attacks the divine right of kings (using scripture) in the "First
Treatise". The "Second Treatise" contains ideas that were somewhat radical at the time,
but are essentially what the United States were founded on: all people are created
equal, and any government depends on the consent of the governed, who have a right
to overthrow and unjust government.
Age of Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER-A.k.a. age of Reason; period from late
1600s - 1700s where European philosophers began to challenge traditional
political/social norms and used reason to make change. Thinkers include: John Locke,
Montesquieu, and Rousseau.
French Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-[1789] Third estate overthrew the absolute
monarchy in France in response to abuse of power and inequity from the King.
Causes of the French Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-Gov't debt (costly wars), social
class system (estates), unfair taxes, rising cost of bread, desire for more political power
by 3rd estate (fueled by Enlightenment ideas), rejection of divine right (from
enlightenment ideas)
Clergy - CORRECT ANSWER-Church officials
Reign of Terror - CORRECT ANSWER-(1793-94) during the French Revolution when
thousands were executed by Robespierre for "treasonous acts" against the revolution
Estates General - CORRECT ANSWER-An assembly of representatives from all three
of the estates, or social classes, in France. After a 175 year absence, these
representatives would be called together to vote on taxes increases which would
ultimately lead to the start of the revolution.
Estates System - CORRECT ANSWER-French social system that divided the people
into three categories: the clergy (1%), the nobility (2%), and everyone else (97%)
Tokugawa Shogunate - CORRECT ANSWER-[1603-1868] Japanese ruling; feudal
society; used isolation policies.
, John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER-English Enlightenment thinker; Natural Rights = 3Ls
- Life, Liberty, Land (property); Argued governments should reflect needs and wants of
the people; People should overthrow the government if it is ineffective or corrupt.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - CORRECT ANSWER-French
Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791) formed by the representatives of the Third Estate
of the Estates-General. They refused to disassemble until a new constitution was
passed. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
Committee of Public Safety - CORRECT ANSWER-The leaders under Robespierre who
organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority
during the period 1792-1795.
Maximilien Robespierre - CORRECT ANSWER-Revolutionary leader who tried to wipe
out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility. Increased his power during the
French Revolution. Was responsible for the Reign of Terror in France.
French Revolution Effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Transition from divine right rule to
people's participation in government; The French middle class gained more power.
Simon Bolivar - CORRECT ANSWER-1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of
revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. Nicknamed the Liberator;
helped South American colonies gain their independence. Influenced by French
Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Agricultural Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-A time when new inventions such as the
seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food
rose dramatically.
Enclosure Acts - CORRECT ANSWER-Consolidated small public farmland into large
privately owned farms. Forced farmers to relocate to cities for job opportunities.
Urbanization - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Factories - CORRECT ANSWER-Where goods are produced in one building from start
to finish. Replaced the domestic system. Powered at first by water, then eventually by
coal (steam engines).
Effects of the Industrial Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-Development of a middle
class (new social system), cheaper goods, high-demand for manufactured goods
Negative Effects of Industrialization - CORRECT ANSWER-Urban pollution, lack of
sanitation, low wages, poor living conditions, disease (cholera) in slums
TESTING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Two Treatises of Civil Government - CORRECT ANSWER-This book, published by
John Locke in 1689, attacks the divine right of kings (using scripture) in the "First
Treatise". The "Second Treatise" contains ideas that were somewhat radical at the time,
but are essentially what the United States were founded on: all people are created
equal, and any government depends on the consent of the governed, who have a right
to overthrow and unjust government.
Age of Enlightenment - CORRECT ANSWER-A.k.a. age of Reason; period from late
1600s - 1700s where European philosophers began to challenge traditional
political/social norms and used reason to make change. Thinkers include: John Locke,
Montesquieu, and Rousseau.
French Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-[1789] Third estate overthrew the absolute
monarchy in France in response to abuse of power and inequity from the King.
Causes of the French Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-Gov't debt (costly wars), social
class system (estates), unfair taxes, rising cost of bread, desire for more political power
by 3rd estate (fueled by Enlightenment ideas), rejection of divine right (from
enlightenment ideas)
Clergy - CORRECT ANSWER-Church officials
Reign of Terror - CORRECT ANSWER-(1793-94) during the French Revolution when
thousands were executed by Robespierre for "treasonous acts" against the revolution
Estates General - CORRECT ANSWER-An assembly of representatives from all three
of the estates, or social classes, in France. After a 175 year absence, these
representatives would be called together to vote on taxes increases which would
ultimately lead to the start of the revolution.
Estates System - CORRECT ANSWER-French social system that divided the people
into three categories: the clergy (1%), the nobility (2%), and everyone else (97%)
Tokugawa Shogunate - CORRECT ANSWER-[1603-1868] Japanese ruling; feudal
society; used isolation policies.
, John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER-English Enlightenment thinker; Natural Rights = 3Ls
- Life, Liberty, Land (property); Argued governments should reflect needs and wants of
the people; People should overthrow the government if it is ineffective or corrupt.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - CORRECT ANSWER-French
Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791) formed by the representatives of the Third Estate
of the Estates-General. They refused to disassemble until a new constitution was
passed. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
Committee of Public Safety - CORRECT ANSWER-The leaders under Robespierre who
organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority
during the period 1792-1795.
Maximilien Robespierre - CORRECT ANSWER-Revolutionary leader who tried to wipe
out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility. Increased his power during the
French Revolution. Was responsible for the Reign of Terror in France.
French Revolution Effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Transition from divine right rule to
people's participation in government; The French middle class gained more power.
Simon Bolivar - CORRECT ANSWER-1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of
revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. Nicknamed the Liberator;
helped South American colonies gain their independence. Influenced by French
Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Agricultural Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-A time when new inventions such as the
seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food
rose dramatically.
Enclosure Acts - CORRECT ANSWER-Consolidated small public farmland into large
privately owned farms. Forced farmers to relocate to cities for job opportunities.
Urbanization - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Factories - CORRECT ANSWER-Where goods are produced in one building from start
to finish. Replaced the domestic system. Powered at first by water, then eventually by
coal (steam engines).
Effects of the Industrial Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-Development of a middle
class (new social system), cheaper goods, high-demand for manufactured goods
Negative Effects of Industrialization - CORRECT ANSWER-Urban pollution, lack of
sanitation, low wages, poor living conditions, disease (cholera) in slums
