Concepts of Biology Exam Questions with Correct Answers Fully Solved

Concepts of Biology Exam Questions with Correct Answers Fully Solved MHC (major histocompatability complex) - Answers a group of proteins expressed on the surface of vertebrate cells that form an important part of the acquired immune system and allow cells to recognize foreign molecules contagious cancers - Answers Canine Transmissible Veneral Disease Leukemia-like cancer in soft-shell clams Contagious reticulum cell sarcoma Diploid - Answers two sets of chromosomes Haploid - Answers one set of chromosomes What are haploid cells in humans? - Answers egg and sperm How many chromosomes do humans have? - Answers 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes Cycle of cell division - Answers G0--->G1--->S---->G2---->MITOSIS---->CYTOKINESIS G0 - Answers some cells stay in this phase until induced to divide. normal cellular function G1 - Answers the chromosomes remain extended so genes can be accessed S - Answers The chromosomes replicate and consist of two identical sister chromosomes G2 - Answers cell double checks in duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs. Mitosis - Answers cell division in which one cell divides to produce 2 daughter cells, each with the identical genetic information of the parent cell Stages of mitosis? - Answers prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase prophase - Answers the chromosomes condense pro-metaphase - Answers chromosomes condense further and each chromatid develops a kinetochore that attaches to microtubules metaphase - Answers the chromosomes line up at the equator of the dividing cell anaphase - Answers the spindle pulls the chromosomes apart. The sister chromatids are then dragged to opposite ends of cell. telophase - Answers the chromosomes uncoil and the nuclear membrane reforms, completing chromosome segregation cytokinesis - Answers the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells divides. interphase - Answers G1, S, G2 TRUE/FALSE: Researches have determined that DFTD is transmitted among Tasmanian devils by a virus. - Answers False, why? Duplication of chromosomal DNA happens during the __________________ of the cell cycle. - Answers S phase During mitosis, sister chromatids are separated during: - Answers anaphase Apoptosis - Answers when a cell sustains irreparable damage it commits suicide Benign tumor - Answers this is not cancer malignant tumor - Answers this is cancer Is cancer a genetic or hereditary disease? - Answers genetic because cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic changes tumor suppressor gene - Answers brakes on cell growth proto-oncogenes - Answers gas pedals on cell growth oncogene - Answers gene that has the potential to cause cancer Gain-of-function mutation - Answers produces a new trait or causes a trait to appear in inappropriate tissues or at inappropriate times in development. Loss-of-function mutation - Answers produces a new trait or causes a trait to appear in inappropriate tissues or at inappropriate times in development Meiosis - Answers Cell division in which one diploid germ cell produces four haploid daughter cells Stages of meiosis - Answers , prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 and cytokinesis, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2 and cytokinesis prophase 2 - Answers the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles reform metaphase 2 - Answers sister chromatids line up on the metaphase plate anaphase 2 - Answers the centromeres that bind the sister chromatids together are