Exam 3 - NURS 660 questions and solutions
Amygdala - answersPlays a role in FEAR response w. overstim na na na na na na na na na
- "Remembers the stimuli" that leads to anxiety or panic. It does this by increasing the
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
efficiency of the neurotransmission at glutaminergic synapses in the lateral amygdala as
na na na na na na na na na na na na
sensory input about the stimuli comes in from the thalamus or sensory cortex. The input is
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
then relayed to the central amygdala where fear conditioning occurs, further strengthening
na na na na na na na na na na na na
the circuit at NMDA receptors (where learning is embedded). Therefore, when similar input
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
from the sensory cortex and thalamus occurs, the central amygdala has a quicker response
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
producing fear
na na
anterior pituitary gland - answersInvolved with feelings of anxiety and depression.
na na na na na na na na na na na
- Anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders activate both the hypothalamic-
na na na na na na na na na na
pituitary-adrenal and the sympathoadrenal axes na na na na
Hippocampus - answersMEMORY na na
Anxiety is triggered not only by external stimuli but also internally from traumatic memories
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
stored in the hippocampus.These traumatic memories activate the amygdala, causing it in
na na na na na na na na na na na na
turn, to activate other brain regions to generate a fear response. This is termed re-
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
experiencing, and it is a particular feature of PTSD. Additionally, the α5 subtype located na na na na na na na na na na na na na
mostly in the hippocampus have been linked to cognition and sedation (sleep).
na na na na na na na na na na na na
-Hippocampus stores memories. With PTSD, they are re-experiencing their trauma and na na na na na na na na na na
horrible memories. So hippocampus is responsible as it reminds them of those bad
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
memories
na
- involved in memory, coding, and retrieval
na na na na na na
- "The hippocampus: internal fearmonger and re-experiencing"
na na na na na na
Hypothalamus - answers- Sleep-wake switch: histamine and GABA regulated in na na na na na na na na na
hypothalamus; both hyper and hypoarousal can cause cognitive dysfunction
na na na na na na na na na
- It is a control center for neuroendocrine secretion and homeostasis for autonomic functions
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
needed for survival.
na na na
- temperature regulation
na na
Parabrachial nucleus- - answers- ANXIETY ATTACK w/ overstim na na na na na na na
-the activation of the parabrachial nucleus causes a person to have difficulty breathing and
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
an increased heart rate during an anxiety attack. Changes in respiration may occur during a
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
fear response; these changes are regulated by activation of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN)
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
via the amygdala. Inappropriate or excessive activation of the PBN can lead not only to
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
increases in the rate of respiration but also to symptoms such as shortness of breath,
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
exacerbation of asthma, or a sense of being smothered.
na na na na na na na na na
respiratory rate na
shortness of breath na na
asthma
Periaqueductal gray (PAG) - answersFunctions of PAG: /regulation of the heart rate and na na na na na na na na na na na na
blood pressure, Autonomic Process (e.g. bladder control and contraction), Production of
na na na na na na na na na na na
vocalizations, Production of fearful and defensive reactions,
na na na na na na na
** BEST known for the role in analgesia and pain reduction.
na na na na na na na na na na
Amygdala - answersPlays a role in FEAR response w. overstim na na na na na na na na na
- "Remembers the stimuli" that leads to anxiety or panic. It does this by increasing the
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
efficiency of the neurotransmission at glutaminergic synapses in the lateral amygdala as
na na na na na na na na na na na na
sensory input about the stimuli comes in from the thalamus or sensory cortex. The input is
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
then relayed to the central amygdala where fear conditioning occurs, further strengthening
na na na na na na na na na na na na
the circuit at NMDA receptors (where learning is embedded). Therefore, when similar input
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
from the sensory cortex and thalamus occurs, the central amygdala has a quicker response
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
producing fear
na na
anterior pituitary gland - answersInvolved with feelings of anxiety and depression.
na na na na na na na na na na na
- Anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders activate both the hypothalamic-
na na na na na na na na na na
pituitary-adrenal and the sympathoadrenal axes na na na na
Hippocampus - answersMEMORY na na
Anxiety is triggered not only by external stimuli but also internally from traumatic memories
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
stored in the hippocampus.These traumatic memories activate the amygdala, causing it in
na na na na na na na na na na na na
turn, to activate other brain regions to generate a fear response. This is termed re-
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
experiencing, and it is a particular feature of PTSD. Additionally, the α5 subtype located na na na na na na na na na na na na na
mostly in the hippocampus have been linked to cognition and sedation (sleep).
na na na na na na na na na na na na
-Hippocampus stores memories. With PTSD, they are re-experiencing their trauma and na na na na na na na na na na
horrible memories. So hippocampus is responsible as it reminds them of those bad
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
memories
na
- involved in memory, coding, and retrieval
na na na na na na
- "The hippocampus: internal fearmonger and re-experiencing"
na na na na na na
Hypothalamus - answers- Sleep-wake switch: histamine and GABA regulated in na na na na na na na na na
hypothalamus; both hyper and hypoarousal can cause cognitive dysfunction
na na na na na na na na na
- It is a control center for neuroendocrine secretion and homeostasis for autonomic functions
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
needed for survival.
na na na
- temperature regulation
na na
Parabrachial nucleus- - answers- ANXIETY ATTACK w/ overstim na na na na na na na
-the activation of the parabrachial nucleus causes a person to have difficulty breathing and
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
an increased heart rate during an anxiety attack. Changes in respiration may occur during a
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
fear response; these changes are regulated by activation of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN)
na na na na na na na na na na na na na
via the amygdala. Inappropriate or excessive activation of the PBN can lead not only to
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
increases in the rate of respiration but also to symptoms such as shortness of breath,
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
exacerbation of asthma, or a sense of being smothered.
na na na na na na na na na
respiratory rate na
shortness of breath na na
asthma
Periaqueductal gray (PAG) - answersFunctions of PAG: /regulation of the heart rate and na na na na na na na na na na na na
blood pressure, Autonomic Process (e.g. bladder control and contraction), Production of
na na na na na na na na na na na
vocalizations, Production of fearful and defensive reactions,
na na na na na na na
** BEST known for the role in analgesia and pain reduction.
na na na na na na na na na na
