BIOL 2402 STUDY GUIDE Summer 2024
Chapter 22
1. Know the anatomy of the lymphatic system (Figure 22-1). What are primary lymphoid
organs? What are secondary lymphoid organs? What regions contains lymph nodes?
What part of the body are drained by lymphatic vessels? For example, what is the areas
drained by the thoracic duct? (Figure 22-4a). Differences between lymphatic capillaries
and blood capillaries (Figure 22-2a and b).
2. Know the different types of tonsils and their locations (Figure 22-5).
3. Know the structures of the lymph nodes (Figure 22-6).
4. Know Clinical Note of Lymphadenopathy (page 793).
5. Know the anatomy and function of the thymus and spleen (Figure 22-7 and 22-8).
6. Know about the different types of lymphocytes (T and B) and their differentiated cells (T
cytotoxic, T helper, B cells, Plasma cells). Where the T and B lymphocytes become
immunocompetent?
7. Know the Innate Defenses. What defenses are part of the First Line of Defense? What
defenses are part of the Second Line of Defense?
8. Know about physical barriers, phagocytes, NK cells, interferons, complement system,
inflammation, and fever. Know the three pathways of complement activation.
9. Know about adaptive immunity. What defenses are part of the Third Line of Defense?
10. Know the two major types of adaptive immunity: humoral or antibody-mediated
immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Know the goal of each of these.
11. Know about the forms of adaptive immunity, i.e., active vs passive immunity, artificially
acquired vs naturally acquired immunity.
12. Know about properties of adaptive immunity, i.e., specificity, versatility, memory,
tolerance.
13. Know about the mechanisms for activation and clonal selection of T cells. For example,
mechanism of antigen presentation with MHC proteins, antigen processing for
presentation with MHCs, antigen recognition by TCR (T cell receptor) and CD markers
(CD4 and CD8), and activation of cytotoxic T cells. Figures 22-18, 22-19 and 22-20.
14. Know about cytokines (Spotlight, Figure 22/21).
15. In humoral immunity, know about BCR (B cell receptor), B cell sensitization and
activation, T-dependent and T-independent pathways, production of plasma cells,
antibodies and memory B cells. See Figure 22-23.
16. Know about antibody structure, types and function of each type. Figure 22-24 and Table
22-1.
17. Know about antigen-antibody complex. Know about the actions of antigens. Know
about primary and secondary immune response. Figure 22-25.x
Page 1 of 3
Chapter 22
1. Know the anatomy of the lymphatic system (Figure 22-1). What are primary lymphoid
organs? What are secondary lymphoid organs? What regions contains lymph nodes?
What part of the body are drained by lymphatic vessels? For example, what is the areas
drained by the thoracic duct? (Figure 22-4a). Differences between lymphatic capillaries
and blood capillaries (Figure 22-2a and b).
2. Know the different types of tonsils and their locations (Figure 22-5).
3. Know the structures of the lymph nodes (Figure 22-6).
4. Know Clinical Note of Lymphadenopathy (page 793).
5. Know the anatomy and function of the thymus and spleen (Figure 22-7 and 22-8).
6. Know about the different types of lymphocytes (T and B) and their differentiated cells (T
cytotoxic, T helper, B cells, Plasma cells). Where the T and B lymphocytes become
immunocompetent?
7. Know the Innate Defenses. What defenses are part of the First Line of Defense? What
defenses are part of the Second Line of Defense?
8. Know about physical barriers, phagocytes, NK cells, interferons, complement system,
inflammation, and fever. Know the three pathways of complement activation.
9. Know about adaptive immunity. What defenses are part of the Third Line of Defense?
10. Know the two major types of adaptive immunity: humoral or antibody-mediated
immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Know the goal of each of these.
11. Know about the forms of adaptive immunity, i.e., active vs passive immunity, artificially
acquired vs naturally acquired immunity.
12. Know about properties of adaptive immunity, i.e., specificity, versatility, memory,
tolerance.
13. Know about the mechanisms for activation and clonal selection of T cells. For example,
mechanism of antigen presentation with MHC proteins, antigen processing for
presentation with MHCs, antigen recognition by TCR (T cell receptor) and CD markers
(CD4 and CD8), and activation of cytotoxic T cells. Figures 22-18, 22-19 and 22-20.
14. Know about cytokines (Spotlight, Figure 22/21).
15. In humoral immunity, know about BCR (B cell receptor), B cell sensitization and
activation, T-dependent and T-independent pathways, production of plasma cells,
antibodies and memory B cells. See Figure 22-23.
16. Know about antibody structure, types and function of each type. Figure 22-24 and Table
22-1.
17. Know about antigen-antibody complex. Know about the actions of antigens. Know
about primary and secondary immune response. Figure 22-25.x
Page 1 of 3
