NURS 221 Exam 2 Chapter 42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-
Base Balance Questions With Complete Solutions
24 hr I&O Correct Answers -compare intake versus
output...check I&O at the end of each shift it should be roughly
similar
-Intake includes all liquids eaten, drunk, or received through IV
-Output = Urine, diarrhea, vomitus, gastric suction, wound
drainage
3 processes involved in electrolyte homeostasis Correct
Answers electrolyte intake and absorption, electrolyte
distribution, and electrolyte output
8 oz cup of ice Correct Answers 4 oz fluid
A senior student nurse delegates the task of intake and output to
a new nursing assistant. The student will verify that the nursing
assistant understands the task of I&O when the nursing assistant
states Correct Answers "I will record the amount of all voided
urine."
abdominal surgery and electrolyte imbalances Correct Answers
the bowel are exposed to the air so fluid can evaporate causing
fluid shifts/electrolyte imbalances
ABG's Correct Answers -painful in the radial artery
-most specific test we can do
,-the best way to diagnose specific imbalances
acid buffering Correct Answers -Buffers are pairs of chemicals
that work together to maintain normal pH of body fluids.
-If there are too many free H+ ions, a buffer takes them up so
that they no longer are free.
-The major buffer is bicarbonate.
acid excretion Correct Answers -carbonic acid: cellular
metabolism produces carbonic acid where the lungs will excrete
it as CO2 and H2O
-metabolic acids: hydrogen metabolic acids enter the kidneys to
be excreted as metabolic wastes
acid-base balance Correct Answers acid production, acid
buffering, and acid excretion
active transport Correct Answers -Cells maintain their high
intracellular electrolyte concentration by active transport.
-requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to
move electrolytes across cell membranes against the
concentration gradient (from areas of lower concentration to
areas of higher concentration).
, ADH Correct Answers a hormone secreted by the pituitary
gland, maintains serum osmolality by controlling the amount of
water excreted in the urine
air embolism Correct Answers -works like a stroke in that air
travels where it shouldn't
-keep central line caps on and always make sure air bubbles are
out of meds when you draw them
always listen to the patient when they tell you... Correct
Answers what stick works best for them
angiotensin 2 effects Correct Answers •Vasoconstriction
throughout the body that increases arterial blood pressure.
•Reabsorption of water from the nephron back into the
intravascular space through changes in hydrostatic pressure
within the nephron.
•Stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone
aldosterone.
•Secretion of ADH.
•Stimulation of the thirst mechanism
ANTT Correct Answers -when you clean someone's hand to
place an IV do not tap the vein
-Aseptic non touch technique
atrial natriuretic peptide Correct Answers increases urinary
sodium excretion
Reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation
Base Balance Questions With Complete Solutions
24 hr I&O Correct Answers -compare intake versus
output...check I&O at the end of each shift it should be roughly
similar
-Intake includes all liquids eaten, drunk, or received through IV
-Output = Urine, diarrhea, vomitus, gastric suction, wound
drainage
3 processes involved in electrolyte homeostasis Correct
Answers electrolyte intake and absorption, electrolyte
distribution, and electrolyte output
8 oz cup of ice Correct Answers 4 oz fluid
A senior student nurse delegates the task of intake and output to
a new nursing assistant. The student will verify that the nursing
assistant understands the task of I&O when the nursing assistant
states Correct Answers "I will record the amount of all voided
urine."
abdominal surgery and electrolyte imbalances Correct Answers
the bowel are exposed to the air so fluid can evaporate causing
fluid shifts/electrolyte imbalances
ABG's Correct Answers -painful in the radial artery
-most specific test we can do
,-the best way to diagnose specific imbalances
acid buffering Correct Answers -Buffers are pairs of chemicals
that work together to maintain normal pH of body fluids.
-If there are too many free H+ ions, a buffer takes them up so
that they no longer are free.
-The major buffer is bicarbonate.
acid excretion Correct Answers -carbonic acid: cellular
metabolism produces carbonic acid where the lungs will excrete
it as CO2 and H2O
-metabolic acids: hydrogen metabolic acids enter the kidneys to
be excreted as metabolic wastes
acid-base balance Correct Answers acid production, acid
buffering, and acid excretion
active transport Correct Answers -Cells maintain their high
intracellular electrolyte concentration by active transport.
-requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to
move electrolytes across cell membranes against the
concentration gradient (from areas of lower concentration to
areas of higher concentration).
, ADH Correct Answers a hormone secreted by the pituitary
gland, maintains serum osmolality by controlling the amount of
water excreted in the urine
air embolism Correct Answers -works like a stroke in that air
travels where it shouldn't
-keep central line caps on and always make sure air bubbles are
out of meds when you draw them
always listen to the patient when they tell you... Correct
Answers what stick works best for them
angiotensin 2 effects Correct Answers •Vasoconstriction
throughout the body that increases arterial blood pressure.
•Reabsorption of water from the nephron back into the
intravascular space through changes in hydrostatic pressure
within the nephron.
•Stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone
aldosterone.
•Secretion of ADH.
•Stimulation of the thirst mechanism
ANTT Correct Answers -when you clean someone's hand to
place an IV do not tap the vein
-Aseptic non touch technique
atrial natriuretic peptide Correct Answers increases urinary
sodium excretion
Reduces blood volume and promotes vasodilation
