NEWEST ONCOLOGY NURSING EXAM
TEST WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
What is the role of the nurse? Correct Answer 1) Prevention:
decrease risk of development
2) Education: Comply w treatment
3) Support: Cope w effects of cancer and treatment
Proliferation Correct Answer (Growth) Lack of contact inhibition-
Continuous
-Originates in the stem cell and begins when the stem cell enters
the cell cycle.
-There is an equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell
degeneration.
-Normally cells differentiate and become mature, functioning cells
of a certain kind of tissue
-In cancer, cells divide indiscriminately and haphazardly. (The
malfunction of differentiation)
Differentiation Correct Answer Cells revert to immature state
,-Normally a stable, orderly process that progresses from a state
of immaturity to a state of maturity.
Two major dysfunctions in the process of cancer development?
Correct Answer defective cell proliferation & defective cell
differentiation.
-Cancer involves the malfunction of genes that control
differentiation and proliferation
Pyramid Effect Correct Answer When cancer cells produce more
than 2 cells at the time of mitosis, there is a continuous growth of
a tumor mass.
Cell proliferation Correct Answer Begins in the stem cell.
Intracellular mechanisms determine when proliferation is needed:
-cell degeneration or death
-body needs more cells such as the need for more WBCs w
infection
-Contact Inhibition: *Normal cells respect boundaries of cells
surrounding them; will not invade territory of other cells*
*Cancer Cells* Correct Answer -*Lack Contact inhibition: will grow
on top of and between normal cells*
-*Proliferation is same rate but is indiscriminate and continuous;
they will continue to replicate even if more cells are not needed.
,Malfunction of Genes Correct Answer -Protooncogenes promote
cell growth, acts as genetic lock that keeps cell in mature state
-Tumor suppressor genes suppress growth
-Mutations can alter protooncogenes so that they function as
oncogenes. May be caused by exposure to carcinogens or
viruses; *cells change to fetal appearance and function (i.e.
become undifferentiated)*
-Mutations can alter tumor suppressor genes to make them
inactive
Stages of Cancer Development Correct Answer 1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression
STAGE 1: INITIATION Correct Answer MUTATION in a cell's
genetic structure
-Inherited
-Acquired
Genetic predisposition does not mean you will obtain cancer.
Genetic Influence Correct Answer INHERITED Genetic Mutation:
-BRCA I & BRCA 2: increased risk of breast cancer
-HNPCC Gene: Increased risk of colon cancer
, Environmental Carcinogens: CHEMICALS Correct Answer 2nd
hand smoker, purple top wipes, alcohol (esophageal/gastric
cancer)
-Chimney sweeps in 1700s: cancer in scrotum; exposure to soot.
-Contaminants: Air, water, soil
-Immunosuppresive drugs, Estrogen Replacement Therapy,
Chemotherapy Drugs, DES.
Environmental Carcinogens: RADIATION Correct Answer sun,
tanning beds
Environmental Carcinogens: VIRUS Correct Answer HPV, Garicil,
ebstene bar, HIV (Harposie sarcoma)
Carcinogens Correct Answer Many carcinogens are detoxified by
protective enzymes and are harmlessly excreted
If this mechanism fails- carcinogens enter cells nucleus and alter
DNA
1. Cell may die (apoptosis)
2. Repair itself
3. It may replicate into daughter cells with same genetic alteration
TEST WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
What is the role of the nurse? Correct Answer 1) Prevention:
decrease risk of development
2) Education: Comply w treatment
3) Support: Cope w effects of cancer and treatment
Proliferation Correct Answer (Growth) Lack of contact inhibition-
Continuous
-Originates in the stem cell and begins when the stem cell enters
the cell cycle.
-There is an equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell
degeneration.
-Normally cells differentiate and become mature, functioning cells
of a certain kind of tissue
-In cancer, cells divide indiscriminately and haphazardly. (The
malfunction of differentiation)
Differentiation Correct Answer Cells revert to immature state
,-Normally a stable, orderly process that progresses from a state
of immaturity to a state of maturity.
Two major dysfunctions in the process of cancer development?
Correct Answer defective cell proliferation & defective cell
differentiation.
-Cancer involves the malfunction of genes that control
differentiation and proliferation
Pyramid Effect Correct Answer When cancer cells produce more
than 2 cells at the time of mitosis, there is a continuous growth of
a tumor mass.
Cell proliferation Correct Answer Begins in the stem cell.
Intracellular mechanisms determine when proliferation is needed:
-cell degeneration or death
-body needs more cells such as the need for more WBCs w
infection
-Contact Inhibition: *Normal cells respect boundaries of cells
surrounding them; will not invade territory of other cells*
*Cancer Cells* Correct Answer -*Lack Contact inhibition: will grow
on top of and between normal cells*
-*Proliferation is same rate but is indiscriminate and continuous;
they will continue to replicate even if more cells are not needed.
,Malfunction of Genes Correct Answer -Protooncogenes promote
cell growth, acts as genetic lock that keeps cell in mature state
-Tumor suppressor genes suppress growth
-Mutations can alter protooncogenes so that they function as
oncogenes. May be caused by exposure to carcinogens or
viruses; *cells change to fetal appearance and function (i.e.
become undifferentiated)*
-Mutations can alter tumor suppressor genes to make them
inactive
Stages of Cancer Development Correct Answer 1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression
STAGE 1: INITIATION Correct Answer MUTATION in a cell's
genetic structure
-Inherited
-Acquired
Genetic predisposition does not mean you will obtain cancer.
Genetic Influence Correct Answer INHERITED Genetic Mutation:
-BRCA I & BRCA 2: increased risk of breast cancer
-HNPCC Gene: Increased risk of colon cancer
, Environmental Carcinogens: CHEMICALS Correct Answer 2nd
hand smoker, purple top wipes, alcohol (esophageal/gastric
cancer)
-Chimney sweeps in 1700s: cancer in scrotum; exposure to soot.
-Contaminants: Air, water, soil
-Immunosuppresive drugs, Estrogen Replacement Therapy,
Chemotherapy Drugs, DES.
Environmental Carcinogens: RADIATION Correct Answer sun,
tanning beds
Environmental Carcinogens: VIRUS Correct Answer HPV, Garicil,
ebstene bar, HIV (Harposie sarcoma)
Carcinogens Correct Answer Many carcinogens are detoxified by
protective enzymes and are harmlessly excreted
If this mechanism fails- carcinogens enter cells nucleus and alter
DNA
1. Cell may die (apoptosis)
2. Repair itself
3. It may replicate into daughter cells with same genetic alteration
