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Equations with Modeling Ap b1 b1 b1
plications, 12th Edition by De b1 b1 b1 b1
nnis G. Zill b1 b1
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e included (Ch 1 to 9)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS B1 B1
End of Section Solutions .................................................................................................................................... 1
b1 b1 b1
Exercises 1.1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
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Exercises 1.2 ......................................................................................................................................................14
b1
Exercises 1.3 ......................................................................................................................................................22
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Chapter 1 in Review Solutions ..................................................................................................................... 30
b1 b1 b1 b1
END OF SECTION SOLUTIONS
B1 B1 B1
EXERCISES 1.1 B 1
1. Second order; linear b 1 b 1
4
2. Third order; nonlinear because of (dy/dx)
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
3. Fourth order; linear b1 b1
4. Second order; nonlinear because of cos(r + u)
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
5. Second order; nonlinear because of (dy/dx)2 or 1 + (dy/dx)2
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
2
6. Second order; nonlinear because of R
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
7. Third order; linear b1 b1
2
8. Second order; nonlinear because of ẋ
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
9. First order; nonlinear because of sin (dy/dx)
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
10. First order; linear b1 b1
2
11. Writing the differential equation in the form x(dy/dx) + y = 1, we see that it is nonl
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
inear in y because of y . However, writing it in the form (y —
2 2
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
1)(dx/dy) + x = 0, we see that it is linear in x.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
u
12. Writing the differential equation in the form u(dv/du) + (1 + u)v = ue we see that
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
it is linear in v. However, writing it in the form (v + uv —
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
ueu)(du/dv) + u = 0, we see that it is nonlinear in u.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
Fromb1yb1=b1e− b1web1obtainb1yjb1=b1—b11b1e− .b1Thenb12yjb1+b1yb1=b1—e− b1+b1e− b1=b10.
x/2 x/2 x/2 x/2
13. 2
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6 6 —
14. From y = b1 b1 — e we obtain dy/dt = 24e , so that
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
5 5
b1b1
dy −20t 6 6 b1
— −20t
5 b1
e
3x
15. From y = e b1 b1cos 2x we obtain yj = 3e3x cos 2x—2e3x sin 2x and yjj = 5e3x cos 2x—
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
12e 3x
sin 2x, so that yjj — 6yj + 13y = 0.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
j
16. From y = — b1 b1 b1 = —1 + sin x ln(sec x + tan x) and
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
cos x ln(sec x + tan x) we obtain y
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
jj
y b 1 = tan x + cos x ln(sec x + tan x). Then y
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 + y = tan x.
b1 b1 b1 b1
17. The domain of the function, found by solving x+2 ≥ 0, is [—2, ∞). From yj = 1+2(x+2)−
1/2
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
we have b1
j −
—x)y = (y — x)[1 + (2(x + 2) ]
b 1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
−1/2
= y — x + 2(y —
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
−1/2
= y — x + 2[x + 4(x + 2)1/2 —
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
= y — x + 8(x + 2)1/2
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
−1/2b 1 =b1yb 1 — b1xb1+b18.
An interval of definition for the solution of the differential equation is (—
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
2, ∞) because yj is not defined at x = —2.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
18. Since tan x is not defined for x = π/2 + nπ, n an integer, the domain of y = 5 tan 5x is
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 b 1 b1 b1 b1
{x b 1 b 1 5x /= π/2 + nπ}
b1 b1 b1 b1
or {x b1
b 1
x /= π/10 + nπ/5}. Fromj y = 252sec
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 b1 b1 b 1 5x we have b1 b1
2 2 2
y .
An interval of definition for the solution of the differential equation is (—
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
π/10, π/10). An- other interval is (π/10, 3π/10), and so on.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
19. The domain of the function is {x
b1 4 — x b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 /= 0} or {x
b 1 b1 b1 x /= —
b 1 b 1
2 or x /= 2}. From y = 2x/(4 — x2)2 we have
b1 b1 b 1 b 1 b1 b1 b 1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
b 1 b 1 1
yj = 2x b1 b1 b 1 = 2xy2.
b1
2
4 — x2b1 b1
An interval of definition for the solution of the differential equation is (—
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
2, 2). Other inter- vals are (—∞, —2) and (2, ∞).
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
√
20. The function is y = 1/ 1 — sin x , whose domain is obtained from 1 — sin x /= 0 or sin x /= 1.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
Thus, the domain is {x x /= π/2 + 2nπ}. From y =2— (1 — sin x) (— cos x) we have
b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b 1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
2yj = (1 — sin x)−3/2 cos x = [(1 — sin x)−1/2]3 cos x = y3 cos x.
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
An interval of definition for the solution of the differential equation is (π/2, 5π/2). Anot
b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1 b1
, Solutionb1andb1Answerb1Guide:b1Zill,b1DIFFERENTIALb1EQUATIONSb1Withb1MODELINGb1APPLICATIONSb12024,b19780357760192; b1Chapter
b1#1:
herb1oneb1isb1(5π/2,b19π/2),b1andb1sob1on.