TEST BANK: Womens Health A Primary Care Clinical
Guide 5th Edition Youngkin Schadewald Pritham. All
Chapters 1-26. Questions And Answers Plus Rationales
Course
Womens Health A Primary Care Clinical
1. Preventive Care: Mammography Screening
Question:
At what age should women begin mammography screening, and how frequently should they be
screened according to current guidelines?
Answer:
Answer:
Women should begin mammography screening at age 40 and continue annually until age 74. The
American Cancer Society recommends starting at 40, while the U.S. Preventive Services Task
Force (USPSTF) suggests starting at 50, with screening every 2 years.
Rationale:
Mammography is used to detect breast cancer early, and different organizations have slightly
different recommendations for the starting age and frequency. Risk factors such as family history
should be considered when determining the appropriate screening schedule.
2. Gynecological Health: Pap Smear Screening
Question:
At what age should women begin having Pap smears, and how often should they be performed?
Answer:
Women should begin Pap smear screenings at age 21. For women aged 21-29, Pap smears should
be done every 3 years. For women aged 30-65, Pap smears combined with HPV testing (co-
testing) should be performed every 5 years.
Rationale:
The Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cervical cells that may lead to cervical cancer.
Screening frequency is based on age and the risk of developing cervical cancer. HPV testing is
added after age 30 to improve detection.
3. Reproductive Health: Contraceptive Counseling
,Question:
Which contraceptive options are most suitable for a woman who is breastfeeding and wants to
avoid pregnancy?
Answer:
Answer:
Progestin-only contraceptive methods such as the mini-pill, implant, or intrauterine device
(IUD) are suitable for breastfeeding women.
Rationale:
Estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as combined oral contraceptives, can reduce milk
supply and are generally not recommended during breastfeeding. Progestin-only methods do not
affect milk production and are considered safe for breastfeeding women.
4. Chronic Conditions: Diabetes Management in Women
Question:
How does pregnancy affect the management of type 2 diabetes in women?
Answer:
Answer:
Pregnancy can significantly alter glucose metabolism, and women with type 2 diabetes may
require more frequent monitoring and adjustments to their medication regimen during pregnancy.
Women may need to switch from oral medications to insulin during pregnancy, as oral
hypoglycemic agents are not typically recommended.
Rationale:
Pregnancy leads to changes in insulin resistance, and poorly controlled diabetes during
pregnancy can result in complications such as gestational diabetes, macrosomia, and
preeclampsia. Insulin is generally preferred for controlling blood glucose during pregnancy.
5. Menstrual Health: Primary Dysmenorrhea
Question:
What is the first-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) in adolescents?
Answer:
Answer:
First-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea includes NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) and heat
therapy.
,Rationale:
Primary dysmenorrhea is typically caused by prostaglandin release, leading to uterine
contractions and pain. NSAIDs are effective in reducing pain by inhibiting prostaglandin
production. Heat therapy also helps to relax uterine muscles and relieve pain.
6. Sexual Health: Vaginal Infections
Question:
What are the common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis, and how is it treated?
Answer:
Answer:
Common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge, foul
odor, particularly after intercourse, and vaginal irritation. It is typically treated with oral or
topical antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin.
Rationale:
Bacterial vaginosis results from an imbalance in vaginal flora. The treatment aims to restore
normal bacterial balance. Antibiotics are effective in eliminating the overgrowth of harmful
bacteria.
7. Cardiovascular Health: Hypertension in Women
Question:
How does pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affect maternal and fetal health?
Answer:
Answer:
Pregnancy-induced hypertension can increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight,
placental abruption, and eclampsia.
Rationale:
PIH (also known as gestational hypertension) can compromise blood flow to the placenta,
affecting fetal development. Close monitoring and management are essential to prevent
complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, which can lead to serious health risks for
both mother and baby.
8. Mental Health: Postpartum Depression
Question:
What is the recommended treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) in a breastfeeding mother?
, Answer:
Answer:
The recommended treatment for postpartum depression in a breastfeeding mother includes
counseling (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) and antidepressant medications such as
sertraline, which is considered safe for breastfeeding.
Rationale:
Postpartum depression affects many women after childbirth and can interfere with bonding and
overall well-being. SSRIs like sertraline are considered safe during breastfeeding because they
are minimally excreted in breast milk and have a favorable safety profile.
9. Osteoporosis: Prevention in Women
Question:
What lifestyle changes can women implement to prevent osteoporosis?
Answer:
Answer:
Women can prevent osteoporosis by:
1. Consuming adequate calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements.
2. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises such as walking or resistance training.
3. Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.
Rationale:
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, and weight-bearing exercises help to
strengthen bones. Smoking and excessive alcohol intake are risk factors for bone loss and should
be minimized.
10. Breast Health: Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Question:
What are the primary risk factors for developing breast cancer in women?
Answer:
Answer:
Primary risk factors for breast cancer include:
1. Age (risk increases with age, especially after 50).
2. Family history of breast cancer.
Guide 5th Edition Youngkin Schadewald Pritham. All
Chapters 1-26. Questions And Answers Plus Rationales
Course
Womens Health A Primary Care Clinical
1. Preventive Care: Mammography Screening
Question:
At what age should women begin mammography screening, and how frequently should they be
screened according to current guidelines?
Answer:
Answer:
Women should begin mammography screening at age 40 and continue annually until age 74. The
American Cancer Society recommends starting at 40, while the U.S. Preventive Services Task
Force (USPSTF) suggests starting at 50, with screening every 2 years.
Rationale:
Mammography is used to detect breast cancer early, and different organizations have slightly
different recommendations for the starting age and frequency. Risk factors such as family history
should be considered when determining the appropriate screening schedule.
2. Gynecological Health: Pap Smear Screening
Question:
At what age should women begin having Pap smears, and how often should they be performed?
Answer:
Women should begin Pap smear screenings at age 21. For women aged 21-29, Pap smears should
be done every 3 years. For women aged 30-65, Pap smears combined with HPV testing (co-
testing) should be performed every 5 years.
Rationale:
The Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cervical cells that may lead to cervical cancer.
Screening frequency is based on age and the risk of developing cervical cancer. HPV testing is
added after age 30 to improve detection.
3. Reproductive Health: Contraceptive Counseling
,Question:
Which contraceptive options are most suitable for a woman who is breastfeeding and wants to
avoid pregnancy?
Answer:
Answer:
Progestin-only contraceptive methods such as the mini-pill, implant, or intrauterine device
(IUD) are suitable for breastfeeding women.
Rationale:
Estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as combined oral contraceptives, can reduce milk
supply and are generally not recommended during breastfeeding. Progestin-only methods do not
affect milk production and are considered safe for breastfeeding women.
4. Chronic Conditions: Diabetes Management in Women
Question:
How does pregnancy affect the management of type 2 diabetes in women?
Answer:
Answer:
Pregnancy can significantly alter glucose metabolism, and women with type 2 diabetes may
require more frequent monitoring and adjustments to their medication regimen during pregnancy.
Women may need to switch from oral medications to insulin during pregnancy, as oral
hypoglycemic agents are not typically recommended.
Rationale:
Pregnancy leads to changes in insulin resistance, and poorly controlled diabetes during
pregnancy can result in complications such as gestational diabetes, macrosomia, and
preeclampsia. Insulin is generally preferred for controlling blood glucose during pregnancy.
5. Menstrual Health: Primary Dysmenorrhea
Question:
What is the first-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) in adolescents?
Answer:
Answer:
First-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea includes NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) and heat
therapy.
,Rationale:
Primary dysmenorrhea is typically caused by prostaglandin release, leading to uterine
contractions and pain. NSAIDs are effective in reducing pain by inhibiting prostaglandin
production. Heat therapy also helps to relax uterine muscles and relieve pain.
6. Sexual Health: Vaginal Infections
Question:
What are the common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis, and how is it treated?
Answer:
Answer:
Common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge, foul
odor, particularly after intercourse, and vaginal irritation. It is typically treated with oral or
topical antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin.
Rationale:
Bacterial vaginosis results from an imbalance in vaginal flora. The treatment aims to restore
normal bacterial balance. Antibiotics are effective in eliminating the overgrowth of harmful
bacteria.
7. Cardiovascular Health: Hypertension in Women
Question:
How does pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affect maternal and fetal health?
Answer:
Answer:
Pregnancy-induced hypertension can increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight,
placental abruption, and eclampsia.
Rationale:
PIH (also known as gestational hypertension) can compromise blood flow to the placenta,
affecting fetal development. Close monitoring and management are essential to prevent
complications such as preeclampsia and eclampsia, which can lead to serious health risks for
both mother and baby.
8. Mental Health: Postpartum Depression
Question:
What is the recommended treatment for postpartum depression (PPD) in a breastfeeding mother?
, Answer:
Answer:
The recommended treatment for postpartum depression in a breastfeeding mother includes
counseling (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) and antidepressant medications such as
sertraline, which is considered safe for breastfeeding.
Rationale:
Postpartum depression affects many women after childbirth and can interfere with bonding and
overall well-being. SSRIs like sertraline are considered safe during breastfeeding because they
are minimally excreted in breast milk and have a favorable safety profile.
9. Osteoporosis: Prevention in Women
Question:
What lifestyle changes can women implement to prevent osteoporosis?
Answer:
Answer:
Women can prevent osteoporosis by:
1. Consuming adequate calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements.
2. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises such as walking or resistance training.
3. Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption.
Rationale:
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, and weight-bearing exercises help to
strengthen bones. Smoking and excessive alcohol intake are risk factors for bone loss and should
be minimized.
10. Breast Health: Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Question:
What are the primary risk factors for developing breast cancer in women?
Answer:
Answer:
Primary risk factors for breast cancer include:
1. Age (risk increases with age, especially after 50).
2. Family history of breast cancer.
