TEST BANK
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
1. of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
,B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic
9. cell death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A
10. group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
11. that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
12. samples for evidence of:
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
13. calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead.
15. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A) White blood cell levels with differential
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
C) Urea and creatinine levels
D) Liver function panel
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
16. are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
A) Free radical injury
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion
C) Interference with DNA synthesis
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis
, Which fof fthe ffollowing fprocesses fassociated fwith fcellular finjury fis fmost flikely fto fbe
17. freversible?
A) Cell fdamage fresulting ffrom faccumulation fof ffat fin fthe fcytoplasm
f f B) Cellular fchanges fas fa fresult fof fionizing fradiation
C) Cell fdamage ffrom faccumulation fof ffree fradicals
D) Apoptosis
18. The fextrinsic fpathway fof fapoptosis fcan fbe finitiated fby:
A) damage fto fcellular fDNA.
f f B) decreased fATP flevels.
C) activation fof fthe fp53 fprotein.
D) activation fof fdeath freceptors fon fthe fcell fsurface.
A fpatient fwith fsevere fperipheral fvascular fdisease fhas fdeveloped fsigns fof fdry fgangrene
fon fthe fgreat ftoe fof fone f foot. fWhich fof fthe f following fpathophysiologic fprocesses f most
19. f likely fcontributed fto fthis fdiagnosis?
f f A) Inappropriate factivation fof fapoptosis
B) Bacterial finvasion
C) Impaired farterial fblood fsupply
D) Metaplastic fcellular fchanges
20. Which fof fthe ffollowing ffacts funderlies fthe fconcept fof freplicative fsenescence?
Genes fcontrolling flongevity fare fpresent for fabsent fin fvarying fquantities famong
A) fdifferent f individuals.
B) Telomeres fbecome fprogressively fshorter fin fsuccessive fgenerations fof fa fcell.
The fdamaging finfluence fof ffree fradicals fincreases fexponentially fin flater fgenerations
f f C) fof fa fcell.
D) Aging fproduces fmutations f in fDNA fand fdeficits fin fDNA frepair.
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. B
,10. A
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. B
, Chapter f2: fInflammation
MULTIPLE fCHOICE
1. Tears fare fconsidered fto fbe fpart fof fthe:
1. first fline fof fdefense.
2. second fline fof fdefense.
3. third fline fof fdefense.
4. specific fdefenses.
5. nonspecific fdefenses.
a. 1, f4
b. 1, f5
c. 3, f4
d. 2, f5
ANS: fB
2. A fspecific fdefense ffor fthe fbody fis:
a. phagocytosis.
f f b. sensitized fT flymphocytes.
c. the finflammatory fresponse.
d. intact fskin fand fmucous fmembranes.
ANS: fB
3. The finflammatory fresponse fis fa fnonspecific fresponse fto:
a. phagocytosis fof fforeign fmaterial.
b. local fvasodilation.
c. any ftissue finjury.
d. formation fof fpurulent fexudates.
ANS: fC
4. Chemical fmediators freleased fduring fthe finflammatory fresponse finclude:
a. albumin fand ffibrinogen.
b. growth ffactors fand fcell fenzymes.
c. macrophages fand fneutrophils.
d. histamine fand fprostaglandins.
ANS: fD
5. Which fof fthe ffollowing fresult fdirectly ffrom fthe frelease fof fchemical
fmediators ffollowing fa f moderate fburn f injury?
1. Pain
2. Local fvasoconstriction
3. Increased fcapillary fpermeability
4. Pallor
a. 1, f2
b. 1, f3
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
1. of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
,B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic
9. cell death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A
10. group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
11. that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
12. samples for evidence of:
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
13. calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the
14. primary rationale for the technicians precautions?
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead.
15. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A) White blood cell levels with differential
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
C) Urea and creatinine levels
D) Liver function panel
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
16. are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
A) Free radical injury
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion
C) Interference with DNA synthesis
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis
, Which fof fthe ffollowing fprocesses fassociated fwith fcellular finjury fis fmost flikely fto fbe
17. freversible?
A) Cell fdamage fresulting ffrom faccumulation fof ffat fin fthe fcytoplasm
f f B) Cellular fchanges fas fa fresult fof fionizing fradiation
C) Cell fdamage ffrom faccumulation fof ffree fradicals
D) Apoptosis
18. The fextrinsic fpathway fof fapoptosis fcan fbe finitiated fby:
A) damage fto fcellular fDNA.
f f B) decreased fATP flevels.
C) activation fof fthe fp53 fprotein.
D) activation fof fdeath freceptors fon fthe fcell fsurface.
A fpatient fwith fsevere fperipheral fvascular fdisease fhas fdeveloped fsigns fof fdry fgangrene
fon fthe fgreat ftoe fof fone f foot. fWhich fof fthe f following fpathophysiologic fprocesses f most
19. f likely fcontributed fto fthis fdiagnosis?
f f A) Inappropriate factivation fof fapoptosis
B) Bacterial finvasion
C) Impaired farterial fblood fsupply
D) Metaplastic fcellular fchanges
20. Which fof fthe ffollowing ffacts funderlies fthe fconcept fof freplicative fsenescence?
Genes fcontrolling flongevity fare fpresent for fabsent fin fvarying fquantities famong
A) fdifferent f individuals.
B) Telomeres fbecome fprogressively fshorter fin fsuccessive fgenerations fof fa fcell.
The fdamaging finfluence fof ffree fradicals fincreases fexponentially fin flater fgenerations
f f C) fof fa fcell.
D) Aging fproduces fmutations f in fDNA fand fdeficits fin fDNA frepair.
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. B
,10. A
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. B
, Chapter f2: fInflammation
MULTIPLE fCHOICE
1. Tears fare fconsidered fto fbe fpart fof fthe:
1. first fline fof fdefense.
2. second fline fof fdefense.
3. third fline fof fdefense.
4. specific fdefenses.
5. nonspecific fdefenses.
a. 1, f4
b. 1, f5
c. 3, f4
d. 2, f5
ANS: fB
2. A fspecific fdefense ffor fthe fbody fis:
a. phagocytosis.
f f b. sensitized fT flymphocytes.
c. the finflammatory fresponse.
d. intact fskin fand fmucous fmembranes.
ANS: fB
3. The finflammatory fresponse fis fa fnonspecific fresponse fto:
a. phagocytosis fof fforeign fmaterial.
b. local fvasodilation.
c. any ftissue finjury.
d. formation fof fpurulent fexudates.
ANS: fC
4. Chemical fmediators freleased fduring fthe finflammatory fresponse finclude:
a. albumin fand ffibrinogen.
b. growth ffactors fand fcell fenzymes.
c. macrophages fand fneutrophils.
d. histamine fand fprostaglandins.
ANS: fD
5. Which fof fthe ffollowing fresult fdirectly ffrom fthe frelease fof fchemical
fmediators ffollowing fa f moderate fburn f injury?
1. Pain
2. Local fvasoconstriction
3. Increased fcapillary fpermeability
4. Pallor
a. 1, f2
b. 1, f3
