Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 Studyguide with Correct Solutions 2024/2025

Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 Studyguide with Correct Solutions 2024 Atrophy - Answer -E. Cells decrease in size P. Still functional Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood Pathological: disuse Hypertrophy - Answer -E. Increase in cell size P. Increased workload Physiologic: weightlifting Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN Hyperplasia - Answer -E. Increase in cell number P. Increased cellular division Physiologic: liver regeneration Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones Dysplasia - Answer -E. Cells change in size, shape, organization P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation Physiologic: N/A Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV Metaplasia - Answer -E. one cell type replaced with another P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible Physiologic: N/A Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke Hypoxia injury - Answer -E. inadequate oxygenation of tissuesP. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death. C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy Free radical and ROS - Answer -E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Ethanol - Answer -E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible Oncosis - Answer -Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections Fatty Infiltration - Answer -intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis dystrophic calcification - Answer -accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis metastatic calcification - Answer -accumulation of Ca in normal tissue result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can also r/t hyperphosphatemia in renal failure urate accumulation - Answer -sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues- group of disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus, nephritis Coagulative Necrosis - Answer -kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia Liquefactive Necrosis - Answer -nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pus Caseous Necrosis - Answer -lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like clumped cheese Fat Necrosis - Answer -breast, pancreas, abdominal structures- creates soaps Gangrenous Necrosis - Answer -Dry- dark shriveled skinWet- internal orga