ILRLR 3300 Prelim 1 Questions and Answers
Verified 100% Correct
fact - ✔✔a claim that can potentially be verified as either true or false
proposition of values - ✔✔statements that advance judgments about morality,
beauty, merit, or wisdom
proposition of policy - ✔✔statements that urge that an action be taken or discontinued
deductive arguments - ✔✔arguments that lead to unnecessary conclusions where
their reasons are true
premises - ✔✔the reasons in a deductive argument
necessary conclusion - ✔✔a particular conclusion to which the reasons or premises in
a deductive argument - when accepted as true - unavoidably lead
inductive arguments - ✔✔arguments whose reasons lead to probable conclusions
inductive leap - ✔✔a reasoning process in which the conclusion of an inductive
argument moves beyond its stated evidence
scanning - ✔✔identifying and marking the statements in an argument, as well as
underlining indicators and cues
,statement - ✔✔any phrase or sentence that supplies a portion of the argument's content
or meaning
standardizing - ✔✔making each statement or implied statement in the argument a
complete sentence, changing indefinite references such as pronouns to the definite nouns they
represent, and placing reasons above the conclusions they support
diagraming - ✔✔mapping the argument, using only the letters assigned during scanning,
and drawing lines from reasons to the conclusion they support
complementary reasons - ✔✔pairs of reasons that must work together to lend support
to their conclusion
linguistic link - ✔✔a repeated phrase or term that links statements to one another
virtues - ✔✔personal qualities that assist us in making ethically good choices
pluralism - ✔✔the variety of moral and ethical perspectives present in contemporary
societies
political perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that rely on the essential values of a
political system for their criteria of ethical assessment
human nature perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that develop around one or
more essential qualities of human nature
dialogic perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that elevate efforts to preserve the
two-sidedness of public discourse
, situational perspectives - ✔✔Ethical perspectives that identify ethical considerations
or principles inherent to each unique communication setting
argument virtues - ✔✔those moral qualities and skills that help people think and act
morally in an argumentative situation, and thus pursue argumentation in a manner that
promotes and improves its practice
honesty - ✔✔a commitment not to willingly mislead, and generally a regard for what is
or what we take to be true
courage in argument - ✔✔a willingness to accept the risks associated with open advocacy
of one's position, even when that position is unpopular or dangerous
cooperation - ✔✔a willingness to engage the argumentative process so that a
rational resolution of the issues can be achieved
respect for persons - ✔✔a regard for others as reasoning persons
argumentative contexts - ✔✔the spaces, venues, and relationships in which arguments
are made and heard
regard for contexts - ✔✔a willingness to create and preserve space for argumentation
to occur, cultivate the relationships in which it occurs, and allow the argumentative process
to continue as long as necessary to ensure reasonable resolution of issues
objective requirements of a reasonable argument - ✔✔support, validity,
linguistic consistency
acceptance - ✔✔the agreement to accept the argument as presented; that is, to find
it persuasive, or at least lacking in any major flaw
Verified 100% Correct
fact - ✔✔a claim that can potentially be verified as either true or false
proposition of values - ✔✔statements that advance judgments about morality,
beauty, merit, or wisdom
proposition of policy - ✔✔statements that urge that an action be taken or discontinued
deductive arguments - ✔✔arguments that lead to unnecessary conclusions where
their reasons are true
premises - ✔✔the reasons in a deductive argument
necessary conclusion - ✔✔a particular conclusion to which the reasons or premises in
a deductive argument - when accepted as true - unavoidably lead
inductive arguments - ✔✔arguments whose reasons lead to probable conclusions
inductive leap - ✔✔a reasoning process in which the conclusion of an inductive
argument moves beyond its stated evidence
scanning - ✔✔identifying and marking the statements in an argument, as well as
underlining indicators and cues
,statement - ✔✔any phrase or sentence that supplies a portion of the argument's content
or meaning
standardizing - ✔✔making each statement or implied statement in the argument a
complete sentence, changing indefinite references such as pronouns to the definite nouns they
represent, and placing reasons above the conclusions they support
diagraming - ✔✔mapping the argument, using only the letters assigned during scanning,
and drawing lines from reasons to the conclusion they support
complementary reasons - ✔✔pairs of reasons that must work together to lend support
to their conclusion
linguistic link - ✔✔a repeated phrase or term that links statements to one another
virtues - ✔✔personal qualities that assist us in making ethically good choices
pluralism - ✔✔the variety of moral and ethical perspectives present in contemporary
societies
political perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that rely on the essential values of a
political system for their criteria of ethical assessment
human nature perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that develop around one or
more essential qualities of human nature
dialogic perspectives - ✔✔ethical perspectives that elevate efforts to preserve the
two-sidedness of public discourse
, situational perspectives - ✔✔Ethical perspectives that identify ethical considerations
or principles inherent to each unique communication setting
argument virtues - ✔✔those moral qualities and skills that help people think and act
morally in an argumentative situation, and thus pursue argumentation in a manner that
promotes and improves its practice
honesty - ✔✔a commitment not to willingly mislead, and generally a regard for what is
or what we take to be true
courage in argument - ✔✔a willingness to accept the risks associated with open advocacy
of one's position, even when that position is unpopular or dangerous
cooperation - ✔✔a willingness to engage the argumentative process so that a
rational resolution of the issues can be achieved
respect for persons - ✔✔a regard for others as reasoning persons
argumentative contexts - ✔✔the spaces, venues, and relationships in which arguments
are made and heard
regard for contexts - ✔✔a willingness to create and preserve space for argumentation
to occur, cultivate the relationships in which it occurs, and allow the argumentative process
to continue as long as necessary to ensure reasonable resolution of issues
objective requirements of a reasonable argument - ✔✔support, validity,
linguistic consistency
acceptance - ✔✔the agreement to accept the argument as presented; that is, to find
it persuasive, or at least lacking in any major flaw
