Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 4 neuro with correct answers

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 4 neuro with correct answers Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory - Correct Answers sensory, smell Sign of dysfunction: unable to identify aromatic substance Cranial Nerve II: Optic - Correct Answers -Function: sensory - carries impulse for vision -Testing procedure: eye chart testing, visual field testing Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor - Correct Answers --Function: motor - fibers to the superior, inferior and medial rectus muscles of the eye and to the smooth muscle controlling lens shape. Medial and vertical eye movements; sensory - proprioception of the eye -Testing procedure: pupil sizes are compared for shape and equality, pupillary reflex is tested; visual tracking is tested Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear Nerve - Correct Answers Motor: eye movement, extra ocular superior oblique muscle Tested the same as CN III Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal - Correct Answers -Function: motor and sensory for face, conducts sensory impulses from mouth, nose, eyes; motor fibers for muscles of mastication. Control of jaw movements -Testing procedure: pain, touch, and temperature are tested with proper stimulus; corneal reflex tested with a wisp of cotton; person is asked to move jaw through full ranges of motion Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens - Correct Answers -Function: motor and proprioceptor fibers to/from lateral rectus muscle. Lateral eye movements -Testing procedure: tested in conjunction with cranial nerve III relative to moving eye laterally Cranial Nerve VII: Facial - Correct Answers -Function: mixed (sensory and motor) sensory fibers to taste buds and anterior 2/3 tongue; motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and to salivary glands -Testing procedure: check symmetry of face, ask person to attempt various facial expressions; sweet, salty, sour, and bitter substances are applied to tongue to test tasting ability Cranial Nerve VIII: vestibulocochlear - Correct Answers Function: Sensory - special senses of hearing and balance; Foramen: internal auditory canal; Consequence of Loss: loss of hearing, loss of balance and equilibrium, nausea, vertigo, vomiting Cranial nerve IX: glossopharyngeal - Correct Answers -Function: motor fibers for pharynx and salivary glands; sensory fibers for pharynx and posterior tongue. Taste sensation for sweet, bitter and sour -Testing procedure: gag and swallow reflexes are checked; posterior one third of tongue is tested for taste Cranial Nerve X: Vagus - Correct Answers -Function: sensory/motor impulses for larynx and pharynx; parasympathetic motor fibers supply smooth muscles of abdominal organs; sensory impulses from viscera -Testing procedure: tested in conjunction with cranial nerve IX Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory - Correct Answers Function: Motor - to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius; Foramen: foramen magnum, jugular foramen; Consequence of Loss: difficulty elevating scapula or rotating neck Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal - Correct Answers -Function: motor/sensory fibers to/from tongue. Movement of tongue -Testing procedure: ask person to stick out tongue, positional abnormalities are noted central nervous system - Correct Answers consists of the brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system - Correct Answers consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves subdivided into somatic and autonomic nervous system afferent nerves - Correct Answers sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system efferent nerves - Correct Answers Also called motor nerves; nerves that carry information from the CNS to cells, tissues and organs. Neuron - Correct Answers a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system fuel source: glucose Parts of a neuron - Correct Answers cell body, dendrites, axon Cerebrum - Correct Answers Location: largest part of the brain Function: Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: movements that are slow and uncoordinated cerebral cortex - Correct Answers the gray matter surrounding the cerebrum white matter - Correct Answers located beneath the cerebral cortex myelinated axons of the CNS Four lobes of the brain - Correct Answers frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal frontal lobe - Correct Answers located under forehead Function: directs voluntary skeletal actions; responsible for communication, emotions, intellect, reasoning, judgment and behavior. Contains Broca's area: responsible for speech Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: Head and eye movement to one side. Complete or partial unresponsiveness or difficulty speaking. Explosive screams, including profanities, or laughter. parietal lobe - Correct Answers Located in the upper back half of the brain. Function: interprets tactile sensation such as touch, pain, temperature, shapes and 2-point discrimination Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: occipital lobe - Correct Answers Located:behind the parietal lobe on the top of a membrane that helps in separating it from cerebellum function: houses the ability to read with comprehension and is the primary visual receptor center Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: vision and perception problems temporal lobe - Correct Answers Located:The temporal lobes are located at the sides of the brain, and can be considered the "middle" region of each brain hemisphere. function: interprets impulses from the ear. contains Wernicke's area: auditory stimuli Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: Disturbance of auditory sensation and perception. Disturbance of selective attention of auditory and visual input. Disorders of visual perception. Impaired organisation and categorisation of verbal material. Disturbance of language comprehension. Impaired long-term memory. Cerebellum - Correct Answers Location: the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance Sign of injury/lesion/disorder: ataxia, which may affect the limbs, trunk, or even speech Axonal reaction - Correct Answers peripheral nerve self-repair Neuroglia - Correct Answers cells that support and protect neurons Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia, ependymal cells Schwann cells - Correct Answers Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the formation of myelin. types of neurotransmitters - Correct Answers Acetylcholine: excitatory and inhibitory Monoamines: histamine, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine