TEST BANK
PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION
Videbeck, Sheila L & Cathy J. Miller
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH
EDITION BY VIDEBECK
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 7th EditionTest Bank
Chapter 1
1. The nurse is assessing the factors contributing to the well-being of a newly admitted
client. Which of the following would the nurse identify as having a positive impact
on the individual's mental health?
A) Not needingothers for companionship
B) The ability to effectivelymanage stress
C) Afamily history of mental illness
D) Striving fortotal self-reliance
Ans: B
Feedback:
Individual factors influencing mental health include biologic makeup, autonomy,
independence, self-esteem, capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life,
emotional resilience or hardiness, sense of belonging, reality orientation, and coping or
stress management abilities. Interpersonal factors such as intimacy and a balance of
separateness and connectedness are bothneeded forgoodmental health, and therefore a
healthy person would need others for companionship. A family history of mental
illness couldrelate to the biologic makeup of an individual, whichmay have a negative
impact on an individual's mental health, as well as a negative impact on an individual's
interpersonal and socialñcultural factors of health. Total self-reliance is not possible,
and a positive social/cultural factor is access to adequate resources.
2. Which of the following statements about mental illness are true? Select all that apply.
A) Mental illness cancausesignificant distress, impaired functioning, or both.
B) Mentalillness is only due to social/cultural factors.
C) Social/cultural factors that relate to mental illness include excessive dependency
on or withdrawal from relationships.
D) Individualssuffering from mental illness are usually able to cope effectively with
daily life.
E) Individualssuffering from mental illness may experiencedissatisfaction with
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
relationships and self.
Ans: A, D, E
Feedback:
Mental illness can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, or both. Mental
illness may be related to individual, interpersonal, or social/cultural factors. Excessive
dependency on or withdrawal from relationships are interpersonal factors that relate to
mental illness. Individuals suffering from mental illness can feel overwhelmed with
daily life. Individuals suffering from mental illness may experience dissatisfaction with
relationships and self.
Page 1
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
3. Which of the following are true regarding mentalhealth andmental illness?
A) Behavior that may be viewed as acceptable in one culture is always
unacceptable in other cultures.
B) It is easy to determine if a person is mentally healthy or mentally ill.
C) In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological, and social
wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior
and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability.
D) Persons who engagein fantasies are mentally
ill. Ans: C
Feedback:
What one society may view as acceptable and appropriate behavior, another society may
see that as maladaptive, and inappropriate. Mental health and mental illness are difficult
to define precisely. In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological,
and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective
behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability. Persons who engage
in fantasiesmay be mentally healthy, but the inability to distinguishreality from fantasyis
an individual factor that may contribute to mental illness.
4. A client grieving the recent loss of her husband asks if she is becoming mentally
ill because she is so sad. The nurse's best response would be,
A) ìYou may have a temporary mental illness because you are experiencing so much
pain.î
B) ìYouare not mentally ill. This is an expected reaction to the loss you have
experienced.î
C) ìWere you generally dissatisfied with your relationship before your husband's
death?î
D) ìTrynot to worry about that right now. You never know what the future brings.î
Ans: B
Feedback:
Mental illness includes general dissatisfaction with self, ineffective relationships,
ineffective coping, and lack of personal growth. Additionally the behavior must not be
culturally expected. Acute grief reactions are expected and therefore not considered
mentalillness. False reassurance or overanalysis does not accurately address the client's
concerns.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
5. The nurseconsults the DSM forwhich of the following purposes?
A) Todevise a plan of care for a newly admitted client
B) Topredict the client's prognosis of treatment outcomes
C) Todocument the appropriate diagnostic code in the client's medical record
D) To serve as a guide for client assessment
Ans: D
Feedback:
The DSM provides standard nomenclature, presents defining characteristics, and
identifies underlying causes of mental disorders. It does not provide care plans or
prognostic outcomes of treatment. Diagnosis of mental illness is not within the
generalist RN's scope of practice, so documenting the code in the medical record wouldbe
inappropriate.
6. Which would be a reason for a student nurse to use the DSM?
A) Identifying the medical diagnosis
B) Treatclients
C) Evaluate treatments
D) Understand the reasonfor the admissionand the nature of psychiatric
illnesses. Ans: D
Feedback:
Although student nurses do not use the DSM to diagnose clients, they will find it a
helpful resource to understand the reason for the admission and to begin building
knowledgeabout the natureof psychiatric illnesses. Identifying the medical diagnosis,
treating, and evaluating treatments are not a part of the nursing process.
7. The legislation enacted in 1963 waslargely responsibleforwhich of the following
shifts in care for the mentally ill?
A) Thewidespreaduseof community-based services
B) The advancement in pharmacotherapies
C) Increasedaccess to hospitalization
D) Improved rights for clients in long-term institutional care
Ans: A
Feedback:
The Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 accomplished the
release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions, the decrease in
admissions to hospitals, and the development of community-based services as an
alternative to hospital care.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
8. Which fone fof fthe ffollowing fis fa fresult fof ffederal flegislation?
A) Making fit feasier fto fcommit fpeople ffor fmental fhealth ftreatment fagainst ftheir fwill.
B) Making fit fmore fdifficult fto fcommit fpeople ffor fmental fhealth ftreatment
fagainst ftheir fwill.
C) State fmental finstitutions fbeing fthe fprimary fsource fof fcare ffor fmentally fill fpersons.
D) Improved fcare ffor fmentally fill
fpersons. fAns: fB
Feedback:
Commitment flaws fchanged fin fthe fearly f1970s, fmaking fit fmore fdifficult fto fcommit
fpeople f for f mental f health ftreatment fagainst ftheir fwill. fDeinstitutionalization
faccomplished fthe frelease fof findividuals ffrom flong-term fstays fin fstate finstitutions.
fDeinstitutionalization falso fhad fnegative feffects fin fthat fsome fmentally fill fpersons
fare fsubjected fto fthe frevolving fdoor feffect, fwhich fmay flimit fcare fformentally fill
fpersons.
9. The fgoal fof fthe f1963 fCommunity fMental fHealth fCenters fAct fwas fto
A) Ensure fpatients' frights ffor fthe fmentally fill.
B) deinstitutionalize fstate fhospitals.
C) provide ffunds fto fbuild fhospitals fwith fpsychiatric funits.
D) treat fpeople fwith fmental fillness fin fa fhumane
ffashion. fAns: fB
Feedback:
The f1963 fCommunity fMental fHealth fCenters fAct fintimated fthe fmovement
ftoward ftreating fthose fwith f mental f illness f in fa f less frestrictive fenvironment. fThis
f legislation fresulted fin fthe fshift fof fclients fwith fmental fillness ffrom flarge fstate
finstitutions fto fcare fbased fin fthe fcommunity. f Answer fchoices fA, fC, fand fD fwere
fnot fpurposes fof fthe f1963 fCommunity fMental f Health f Centers fAct.
10. The fcreation fof fasylumsduring fthe f1800swasmeant fto
A) improvetreatment fof fmental fdisorders.
B) providefood fand fshelter ffor fthe fmentally fill.
C) punishpeoplewithmental fillness fwho fwere fbelieved fto fbe fpossessed.
D) remove fdangerouspeople fwith fmentalillness ffrom fthe
fcommunity. fAns: fB
Feedback:
The fasylum fwas fmeant fto fbe fa fsafehaven fwith ffood, fshelter, fand fhumane ftreatment
ffor fthe fmentally fill. f Asylums fwere fnot fused fto f improve ftreatment fof fmental
fdisorders for ftopunish fmentally f ill fpeople fwho fwere fbelieved fto fbe fpossessed.
fThe fasylum fwas fnot fcreated fto fremove fthe fdangerously fmentally f ill f from fthe
fcommunity.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
, TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
11. The fmajorproblems fwith flarge fstate finstitutions fare: fSelect fall fthat fapply.
A) attendantswere faccused fofabusing fthe fresidents.
B) stigmaassociated fwith fresidence fin fan finsane fasylum.
C) clientswere fgeographically fisolated ffrom ffamily fand fcommunity.
D) increasingfinancial fcosts fto findividual
fresidents. fAns: f A, fC
Feedback:
Clients fwere foften ffar fremoved ffrom fthe flocal fcommunity, ffamily, fand ffriends
fbecause fstate finstitutions fwere fusually f in frural for fremote fsettings. fChoices f B
fand fD fwere fnot fmajor fproblems fassociated fwith f large f state f instructions.
12. A fsignificant fchange fin fthe ftreatment fof fpeoplewith fmental fillness foccurred
fin fthe f1950s fwhen
A) communitysupport fservices fwere festablished.
B) legislationdramaticallychanged fcivil fcommitment f procedures.
C) the fPatient's fBill fof fRights fwas fenacted.
D) psychotropic fdrugs fbecame favailablefor
fuse. fAns: fD
Feedback:
The fdevelopment fof fpsychotropic fdrugs, for fdrugs fused fto ftreat fmental fillness,
fbeganIin fthe f1950s. f Answer fchoices fA, fB, fand fC fdid fnot foccur fin fthe f1950s.
13. Beforethe fperiod fof fthe fenlightenment, ftreatment fof fthe fmentally fill fincluded
A) creating flarge finstitutions fto fprovide fcustodial fcare.
B) focusing fon freligious feducation fto fimprove ftheir fsouls.
C) placing fthe fmentally fill fondisplay ffor fthe fpublic's famusement.
D) providing fa fsafe frefuge for fhaven foffering
fprotection. fAns: fC
Feedback:
In f1775, fvisitors fat fSt. fMary's fof fBethlehem fwere fcharged fa ffee ffor fviewing
fand fridiculing fthe fmentally fill, fwho fwere fseen fas fanimals, fless fthan fhuman.
fCustodial fcare fwas f not foften fprovided fas fpersons fwho fwere fconsidered
fharmless fwere fallowed fto fwander f in fthe fcountryside for f live f in frural
fcommunities, fand f more fdangerous f lunatics fwere fimprisoned, fchained, fand
fstarved. fIn fearly fChristian ftimes, fprimitive fbeliefs fand f superstitions fwere f strong.
fThe f mentally f ill fwere f viewed fas fevil for fpossessed. fPriests fperformedexorcisms
fto frid fevil fspirits, fand fin fthe fcolonies, fwitch fhunts fwere fconducted fwith foffenders
fburned fat fthe fstake. fIt fwas fnot funtil fthe fperiod fof fenlightenment fwhen fpersons
fwho fwere fmentally fill fwere foffered fasylum fas fa fsafe frefuge for fhaven foffering
fprotection fat f institutions.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION
Videbeck, Sheila L & Cathy J. Miller
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH
EDITION BY VIDEBECK
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 7th EditionTest Bank
Chapter 1
1. The nurse is assessing the factors contributing to the well-being of a newly admitted
client. Which of the following would the nurse identify as having a positive impact
on the individual's mental health?
A) Not needingothers for companionship
B) The ability to effectivelymanage stress
C) Afamily history of mental illness
D) Striving fortotal self-reliance
Ans: B
Feedback:
Individual factors influencing mental health include biologic makeup, autonomy,
independence, self-esteem, capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life,
emotional resilience or hardiness, sense of belonging, reality orientation, and coping or
stress management abilities. Interpersonal factors such as intimacy and a balance of
separateness and connectedness are bothneeded forgoodmental health, and therefore a
healthy person would need others for companionship. A family history of mental
illness couldrelate to the biologic makeup of an individual, whichmay have a negative
impact on an individual's mental health, as well as a negative impact on an individual's
interpersonal and socialñcultural factors of health. Total self-reliance is not possible,
and a positive social/cultural factor is access to adequate resources.
2. Which of the following statements about mental illness are true? Select all that apply.
A) Mental illness cancausesignificant distress, impaired functioning, or both.
B) Mentalillness is only due to social/cultural factors.
C) Social/cultural factors that relate to mental illness include excessive dependency
on or withdrawal from relationships.
D) Individualssuffering from mental illness are usually able to cope effectively with
daily life.
E) Individualssuffering from mental illness may experiencedissatisfaction with
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
relationships and self.
Ans: A, D, E
Feedback:
Mental illness can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, or both. Mental
illness may be related to individual, interpersonal, or social/cultural factors. Excessive
dependency on or withdrawal from relationships are interpersonal factors that relate to
mental illness. Individuals suffering from mental illness can feel overwhelmed with
daily life. Individuals suffering from mental illness may experience dissatisfaction with
relationships and self.
Page 1
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
3. Which of the following are true regarding mentalhealth andmental illness?
A) Behavior that may be viewed as acceptable in one culture is always
unacceptable in other cultures.
B) It is easy to determine if a person is mentally healthy or mentally ill.
C) In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological, and social
wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior
and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability.
D) Persons who engagein fantasies are mentally
ill. Ans: C
Feedback:
What one society may view as acceptable and appropriate behavior, another society may
see that as maladaptive, and inappropriate. Mental health and mental illness are difficult
to define precisely. In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological,
and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective
behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability. Persons who engage
in fantasiesmay be mentally healthy, but the inability to distinguishreality from fantasyis
an individual factor that may contribute to mental illness.
4. A client grieving the recent loss of her husband asks if she is becoming mentally
ill because she is so sad. The nurse's best response would be,
A) ìYou may have a temporary mental illness because you are experiencing so much
pain.î
B) ìYouare not mentally ill. This is an expected reaction to the loss you have
experienced.î
C) ìWere you generally dissatisfied with your relationship before your husband's
death?î
D) ìTrynot to worry about that right now. You never know what the future brings.î
Ans: B
Feedback:
Mental illness includes general dissatisfaction with self, ineffective relationships,
ineffective coping, and lack of personal growth. Additionally the behavior must not be
culturally expected. Acute grief reactions are expected and therefore not considered
mentalillness. False reassurance or overanalysis does not accurately address the client's
concerns.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
5. The nurseconsults the DSM forwhich of the following purposes?
A) Todevise a plan of care for a newly admitted client
B) Topredict the client's prognosis of treatment outcomes
C) Todocument the appropriate diagnostic code in the client's medical record
D) To serve as a guide for client assessment
Ans: D
Feedback:
The DSM provides standard nomenclature, presents defining characteristics, and
identifies underlying causes of mental disorders. It does not provide care plans or
prognostic outcomes of treatment. Diagnosis of mental illness is not within the
generalist RN's scope of practice, so documenting the code in the medical record wouldbe
inappropriate.
6. Which would be a reason for a student nurse to use the DSM?
A) Identifying the medical diagnosis
B) Treatclients
C) Evaluate treatments
D) Understand the reasonfor the admissionand the nature of psychiatric
illnesses. Ans: D
Feedback:
Although student nurses do not use the DSM to diagnose clients, they will find it a
helpful resource to understand the reason for the admission and to begin building
knowledgeabout the natureof psychiatric illnesses. Identifying the medical diagnosis,
treating, and evaluating treatments are not a part of the nursing process.
7. The legislation enacted in 1963 waslargely responsibleforwhich of the following
shifts in care for the mentally ill?
A) Thewidespreaduseof community-based services
B) The advancement in pharmacotherapies
C) Increasedaccess to hospitalization
D) Improved rights for clients in long-term institutional care
Ans: A
Feedback:
The Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963 accomplished the
release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions, the decrease in
admissions to hospitals, and the development of community-based services as an
alternative to hospital care.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
,TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
8. Which fone fof fthe ffollowing fis fa fresult fof ffederal flegislation?
A) Making fit feasier fto fcommit fpeople ffor fmental fhealth ftreatment fagainst ftheir fwill.
B) Making fit fmore fdifficult fto fcommit fpeople ffor fmental fhealth ftreatment
fagainst ftheir fwill.
C) State fmental finstitutions fbeing fthe fprimary fsource fof fcare ffor fmentally fill fpersons.
D) Improved fcare ffor fmentally fill
fpersons. fAns: fB
Feedback:
Commitment flaws fchanged fin fthe fearly f1970s, fmaking fit fmore fdifficult fto fcommit
fpeople f for f mental f health ftreatment fagainst ftheir fwill. fDeinstitutionalization
faccomplished fthe frelease fof findividuals ffrom flong-term fstays fin fstate finstitutions.
fDeinstitutionalization falso fhad fnegative feffects fin fthat fsome fmentally fill fpersons
fare fsubjected fto fthe frevolving fdoor feffect, fwhich fmay flimit fcare fformentally fill
fpersons.
9. The fgoal fof fthe f1963 fCommunity fMental fHealth fCenters fAct fwas fto
A) Ensure fpatients' frights ffor fthe fmentally fill.
B) deinstitutionalize fstate fhospitals.
C) provide ffunds fto fbuild fhospitals fwith fpsychiatric funits.
D) treat fpeople fwith fmental fillness fin fa fhumane
ffashion. fAns: fB
Feedback:
The f1963 fCommunity fMental fHealth fCenters fAct fintimated fthe fmovement
ftoward ftreating fthose fwith f mental f illness f in fa f less frestrictive fenvironment. fThis
f legislation fresulted fin fthe fshift fof fclients fwith fmental fillness ffrom flarge fstate
finstitutions fto fcare fbased fin fthe fcommunity. f Answer fchoices fA, fC, fand fD fwere
fnot fpurposes fof fthe f1963 fCommunity fMental f Health f Centers fAct.
10. The fcreation fof fasylumsduring fthe f1800swasmeant fto
A) improvetreatment fof fmental fdisorders.
B) providefood fand fshelter ffor fthe fmentally fill.
C) punishpeoplewithmental fillness fwho fwere fbelieved fto fbe fpossessed.
D) remove fdangerouspeople fwith fmentalillness ffrom fthe
fcommunity. fAns: fB
Feedback:
The fasylum fwas fmeant fto fbe fa fsafehaven fwith ffood, fshelter, fand fhumane ftreatment
ffor fthe fmentally fill. f Asylums fwere fnot fused fto f improve ftreatment fof fmental
fdisorders for ftopunish fmentally f ill fpeople fwho fwere fbelieved fto fbe fpossessed.
fThe fasylum fwas fnot fcreated fto fremove fthe fdangerously fmentally f ill f from fthe
fcommunity.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
, TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
11. The fmajorproblems fwith flarge fstate finstitutions fare: fSelect fall fthat fapply.
A) attendantswere faccused fofabusing fthe fresidents.
B) stigmaassociated fwith fresidence fin fan finsane fasylum.
C) clientswere fgeographically fisolated ffrom ffamily fand fcommunity.
D) increasingfinancial fcosts fto findividual
fresidents. fAns: f A, fC
Feedback:
Clients fwere foften ffar fremoved ffrom fthe flocal fcommunity, ffamily, fand ffriends
fbecause fstate finstitutions fwere fusually f in frural for fremote fsettings. fChoices f B
fand fD fwere fnot fmajor fproblems fassociated fwith f large f state f instructions.
12. A fsignificant fchange fin fthe ftreatment fof fpeoplewith fmental fillness foccurred
fin fthe f1950s fwhen
A) communitysupport fservices fwere festablished.
B) legislationdramaticallychanged fcivil fcommitment f procedures.
C) the fPatient's fBill fof fRights fwas fenacted.
D) psychotropic fdrugs fbecame favailablefor
fuse. fAns: fD
Feedback:
The fdevelopment fof fpsychotropic fdrugs, for fdrugs fused fto ftreat fmental fillness,
fbeganIin fthe f1950s. f Answer fchoices fA, fB, fand fC fdid fnot foccur fin fthe f1950s.
13. Beforethe fperiod fof fthe fenlightenment, ftreatment fof fthe fmentally fill fincluded
A) creating flarge finstitutions fto fprovide fcustodial fcare.
B) focusing fon freligious feducation fto fimprove ftheir fsouls.
C) placing fthe fmentally fill fondisplay ffor fthe fpublic's famusement.
D) providing fa fsafe frefuge for fhaven foffering
fprotection. fAns: fC
Feedback:
In f1775, fvisitors fat fSt. fMary's fof fBethlehem fwere fcharged fa ffee ffor fviewing
fand fridiculing fthe fmentally fill, fwho fwere fseen fas fanimals, fless fthan fhuman.
fCustodial fcare fwas f not foften fprovided fas fpersons fwho fwere fconsidered
fharmless fwere fallowed fto fwander f in fthe fcountryside for f live f in frural
fcommunities, fand f more fdangerous f lunatics fwere fimprisoned, fchained, fand
fstarved. fIn fearly fChristian ftimes, fprimitive fbeliefs fand f superstitions fwere f strong.
fThe f mentally f ill fwere f viewed fas fevil for fpossessed. fPriests fperformedexorcisms
fto frid fevil fspirits, fand fin fthe fcolonies, fwitch fhunts fwere fconducted fwith foffenders
fburned fat fthe fstake. fIt fwas fnot funtil fthe fperiod fof fenlightenment fwhen fpersons
fwho fwere fmentally fill fwere foffered fasylum fas fa fsafe frefuge for fhaven foffering
fprotection fat f institutions.
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 7TH EDITION BY VIDEBECK
