US History Georgia Milestone Review
Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Andrew Carnegie Was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion
of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built a leadership role as a
philanthropist. He gave away to charities and foundations about $350 million. Founder of
Carnegie Steel who became the leader in the nation's steel industry
John D. Rockefeller Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was the founder
of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S.
business trust. He revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern
philanthropy.
Trusts An economic method that had other companies assigns their stocks to the board of
trust who would manage them. This made the head of the board, or the corporate leader wealthy,
and at the same time killed off competitors not in the trust. This method was used/developed by
Rockefeller, and helped him become extremely wealthy. It was also used in creating monopolies.
Monopoly Is being the only one in a given selling a specific product, or having exclusive
control over a certain thing, or the trade mark of a board game where the aim is to buy properties
on the board and then build hotels on those properties.
,Sherman Antitrust Act First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by
Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was
initially misused against labor unions
American Federation of Labor a national labor association and led by Samuel Gompers;
an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; concentrated on bread-and-butter issues such as
higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
Samuel Gompers Head of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). For 38 years, he
worked for the AFL, making it a major force in the industrial world. He believed that if workers
make good pay, it will make everyone prosperous. He believes in fair wages for all.
Homestead Strike 1892, A strike at a Carnegie steel plant in Homestead, P.A., that ended
in an armed battle between the strikers, three hundred armed "Pinkerton" detectives hired by
Carnegie, and federal troops, which killed ten people and wounded more than sixty.
Pullman Strike Pullman Palace Car Company cut wages while maintaining rents and
prices in a company town where 12,000 workers lived; halted a substantial portion of American
,railroad commerce; ended when President Cleveland ordered federal troops to Chicago,
ostensibly to protect rail-carried mail, but in reality, to crush the strike.
Social Darwinism This was a belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and
the poor were poor due to natural selection in society.
Urbanization The process of people moving to cities.
Tenement Originally referred simply to a multiple-family rental building; in late 1800s,
used to describe slum dwellings only. Had many windowless rooms, little or no plumbing or
central heating, & perhaps a row of privies in the basement
Political Machine A political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group
commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their
efforts.
Tammany Hall Was powerful New York political organization. It drew support from
immigrants. The immigrants relied on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly for social services.
This is significant in that it gave immigrants rights to vote.
, Boss Tweed An American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall,
ran the New York City Democratic party in the 1860s and swindled $200 million from the city
through bribery, graft, and vote-buying. He was eventually jailed for his crimes and died behind
bars.
"New Immigrants" Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who formed a
recognizable wave of immigration from the 1880s until 1924, in contrast to the wave of
immigrants from western Europe who had come before them. These new immigrants
congregated in ethnic urban neighborhoods, where they worried many native-born Americans,
some of whom responded with nativist attitudes
Ellis Island The gateway for millions of immigrants to the U.S. as the nation's busiest
immigration inspection station from 1892 until 1954.
Angel Island An island in San Francisco Bay that has served a variety of purposes,
including military forts, a US Public Health Service Quarantine Station, and a US Bureau of
Immigration inspection and detention facility.
Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Andrew Carnegie Was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous expansion
of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built a leadership role as a
philanthropist. He gave away to charities and foundations about $350 million. Founder of
Carnegie Steel who became the leader in the nation's steel industry
John D. Rockefeller Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was the founder
of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S.
business trust. He revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern
philanthropy.
Trusts An economic method that had other companies assigns their stocks to the board of
trust who would manage them. This made the head of the board, or the corporate leader wealthy,
and at the same time killed off competitors not in the trust. This method was used/developed by
Rockefeller, and helped him become extremely wealthy. It was also used in creating monopolies.
Monopoly Is being the only one in a given selling a specific product, or having exclusive
control over a certain thing, or the trade mark of a board game where the aim is to buy properties
on the board and then build hotels on those properties.
,Sherman Antitrust Act First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by
Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was
initially misused against labor unions
American Federation of Labor a national labor association and led by Samuel Gompers;
an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; concentrated on bread-and-butter issues such as
higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
Samuel Gompers Head of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). For 38 years, he
worked for the AFL, making it a major force in the industrial world. He believed that if workers
make good pay, it will make everyone prosperous. He believes in fair wages for all.
Homestead Strike 1892, A strike at a Carnegie steel plant in Homestead, P.A., that ended
in an armed battle between the strikers, three hundred armed "Pinkerton" detectives hired by
Carnegie, and federal troops, which killed ten people and wounded more than sixty.
Pullman Strike Pullman Palace Car Company cut wages while maintaining rents and
prices in a company town where 12,000 workers lived; halted a substantial portion of American
,railroad commerce; ended when President Cleveland ordered federal troops to Chicago,
ostensibly to protect rail-carried mail, but in reality, to crush the strike.
Social Darwinism This was a belief held by many that stated that the rich were rich and
the poor were poor due to natural selection in society.
Urbanization The process of people moving to cities.
Tenement Originally referred simply to a multiple-family rental building; in late 1800s,
used to describe slum dwellings only. Had many windowless rooms, little or no plumbing or
central heating, & perhaps a row of privies in the basement
Political Machine A political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group
commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their
efforts.
Tammany Hall Was powerful New York political organization. It drew support from
immigrants. The immigrants relied on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly for social services.
This is significant in that it gave immigrants rights to vote.
, Boss Tweed An American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall,
ran the New York City Democratic party in the 1860s and swindled $200 million from the city
through bribery, graft, and vote-buying. He was eventually jailed for his crimes and died behind
bars.
"New Immigrants" Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who formed a
recognizable wave of immigration from the 1880s until 1924, in contrast to the wave of
immigrants from western Europe who had come before them. These new immigrants
congregated in ethnic urban neighborhoods, where they worried many native-born Americans,
some of whom responded with nativist attitudes
Ellis Island The gateway for millions of immigrants to the U.S. as the nation's busiest
immigration inspection station from 1892 until 1954.
Angel Island An island in San Francisco Bay that has served a variety of purposes,
including military forts, a US Public Health Service Quarantine Station, and a US Bureau of
Immigration inspection and detention facility.
