MCAT COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔conflict theory - ✔✔a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited
resources
✔✔James-Lange theory of emotion - ✔✔psychological arousal precedes emotion
✔✔Canon-Bard theory of emotion - ✔✔physiological arousal and emotion occur
simultaneously
✔✔Schacter-Singer theory of emotion - ✔✔interpretation of arousal results in emotion
✔✔periphery nation - ✔✔less economically developed with weak governments and
institutions
✔✔core nation - ✔✔more economically developed with strong governments and
institutions
✔✔spontaneous and autonomous part of self (Mead) - ✔✔I
✔✔Freudian terms - ✔✔id, ego, superego
✔✔cytochrome c - ✔✔The enzyme to which electrons are transferred in complex III of
the electron transport chain.
✔✔electron transport chain - ✔✔Breaks the fall of electrons to oxygen in several
energy-releasing steps.
✔✔Faraday's Law - ✔✔E=BLv
A magnetic field passing through a loop or coil induces a current
✔✔Galvanic cell - ✔✔spontaneous
anode is -
cathode is +
electrolytic cell is opposite; positive cell potential
✔✔Electrolytic cell - ✔✔A type of electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy to
cause chemical reactions to occur; negative cell potential
✔✔cathode - ✔✔Oxidant + n e- ® Reductant
Example: Cu2+ + 2 e > Cu
More positive SRP
, ✔✔anode - ✔✔Reductant ® n e- + Oxidant
Example: Zn > Zn2+ + 2 e-
More negative SRP; REVERSED
✔✔How to find cell potential - ✔✔cathode plus NEGATIVE anode
✔✔What does IR measure? - ✔✔Intramolecular vibrations; some rotation spectra
✔✔IR x and y axis? - ✔✔-Transmittance increases up y-axis
-Wavenumbers/frequency decrease left to right
✔✔3000 IR - ✔✔Hydrogen (OH, NH, CH)
✔✔2000 IR - ✔✔no hydrogen (ketone, alkene, C-C, C-O)
✔✔1700 IR - ✔✔carbonyl
✔✔3300 IR - ✔✔OH, NH, or alkyne CH
✔✔Broad peaks IR - ✔✔hydrogen bonding
✔✔Indicators (absorption) - ✔✔H-indicators and Indicator-
At low pH (high H+) H-indicator dominates
At high pH (low H+)
Indicator- and its color predominates
✔✔Universal indicators (color) - ✔✔Range from red to purple; red is very acidic, purple
is very basic
✔✔NMR Spectroscopy - ✔✔-Separates out ions to detect them on a spectrum
-Shows degree of shielding
-Shielding=smaller shift, to the right
-Deshielding=bigger shift, to the left
✔✔NMR 10-12 - ✔✔carboxyl
✔✔NMR 10 - ✔✔aldehyde
✔✔NMR 7 - ✔✔aromatic or ketone
✔✔NMR 5 - ✔✔C-H with C bonded with one single and one double bond
✔✔NMR 4 - ✔✔tetrahedral, with C bonded to a halide
WITH SOLUTION GRADED A+
✔✔conflict theory - ✔✔a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited
resources
✔✔James-Lange theory of emotion - ✔✔psychological arousal precedes emotion
✔✔Canon-Bard theory of emotion - ✔✔physiological arousal and emotion occur
simultaneously
✔✔Schacter-Singer theory of emotion - ✔✔interpretation of arousal results in emotion
✔✔periphery nation - ✔✔less economically developed with weak governments and
institutions
✔✔core nation - ✔✔more economically developed with strong governments and
institutions
✔✔spontaneous and autonomous part of self (Mead) - ✔✔I
✔✔Freudian terms - ✔✔id, ego, superego
✔✔cytochrome c - ✔✔The enzyme to which electrons are transferred in complex III of
the electron transport chain.
✔✔electron transport chain - ✔✔Breaks the fall of electrons to oxygen in several
energy-releasing steps.
✔✔Faraday's Law - ✔✔E=BLv
A magnetic field passing through a loop or coil induces a current
✔✔Galvanic cell - ✔✔spontaneous
anode is -
cathode is +
electrolytic cell is opposite; positive cell potential
✔✔Electrolytic cell - ✔✔A type of electrochemical cell that uses electrical energy to
cause chemical reactions to occur; negative cell potential
✔✔cathode - ✔✔Oxidant + n e- ® Reductant
Example: Cu2+ + 2 e > Cu
More positive SRP
, ✔✔anode - ✔✔Reductant ® n e- + Oxidant
Example: Zn > Zn2+ + 2 e-
More negative SRP; REVERSED
✔✔How to find cell potential - ✔✔cathode plus NEGATIVE anode
✔✔What does IR measure? - ✔✔Intramolecular vibrations; some rotation spectra
✔✔IR x and y axis? - ✔✔-Transmittance increases up y-axis
-Wavenumbers/frequency decrease left to right
✔✔3000 IR - ✔✔Hydrogen (OH, NH, CH)
✔✔2000 IR - ✔✔no hydrogen (ketone, alkene, C-C, C-O)
✔✔1700 IR - ✔✔carbonyl
✔✔3300 IR - ✔✔OH, NH, or alkyne CH
✔✔Broad peaks IR - ✔✔hydrogen bonding
✔✔Indicators (absorption) - ✔✔H-indicators and Indicator-
At low pH (high H+) H-indicator dominates
At high pH (low H+)
Indicator- and its color predominates
✔✔Universal indicators (color) - ✔✔Range from red to purple; red is very acidic, purple
is very basic
✔✔NMR Spectroscopy - ✔✔-Separates out ions to detect them on a spectrum
-Shows degree of shielding
-Shielding=smaller shift, to the right
-Deshielding=bigger shift, to the left
✔✔NMR 10-12 - ✔✔carboxyl
✔✔NMR 10 - ✔✔aldehyde
✔✔NMR 7 - ✔✔aromatic or ketone
✔✔NMR 5 - ✔✔C-H with C bonded with one single and one double bond
✔✔NMR 4 - ✔✔tetrahedral, with C bonded to a halide
