CC2- Final Exam
questions and answers
latest top score.
risk factors for diabetes correct answer..family
hx obesity
HTN
smoking
hx of gestational diabetes
race/ethnicity
age of 45 y.o or
more HDL < 35
LDL > 250
type 1 diabetes correct answer..destruction of beta cells = *no insulin
production* onset is @ a young age
genetic predisposition
DKA can occur. (metabolic acidosis may occur)
glycosuria can be present
type 2 diabetes correct answer..insulin resistance (decreases sensitivity to
insulin) onset is later in life
"insulin dependent"
obesity, diet, lifestyle, smoking,
HTN HHS can occur
3 P's correct answer..happens with hyperglycemia
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
,hypoglycemia S+S correct answer..(less than
70) sweaty
lightheadedne
ss shaky/weak
hungry
headache
confusion
hyperglycemia S+S correct answer..(more than
120) 3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
slow healing
process blurred
vision tiredness
leg cramps
microvascular complications associated w/ diabetes correct
answer..nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy
diabetic nephropathy correct answer..experienced more by Type 2 pts.
high levels of BS overwhelm the kidneys, protein (ex. albumin) leaks into the
urine, pressure in the vessels of kidneys increase.
management: control HTN, prevent UTIs, avoid contrast dyes/toxic
medications, low sodium low protein diet.
peripheral diabetic neuropathy correct answer..affects distal portions of
nerves, especially in lower extremities.
S+S: parasthesia, burning sensation, pain in lower extremities, feet become
numb, decreased sensation to touch, decrease in deep tendon reflexes
management: control of BBG, pain management (gabapentin)
diabetic retinopathy correct answer..changes in small blood vessels in the
retina (macular edema... eventually vision loss occurs)
recommend frequent eye exams
3 macrovascular complications associated w/ diabetes correct
answer..coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
DKA correct answer..most common in type 1
DM onset is rapid
glucose level > 250
,arterial 2pH 2< 27.3 2(metabolic 2acidosis
2occurs) 2positive 2for 2urine 2ketones
polyuria, 2polydipsia,
2polyphagia 2skin 2is 2hot 2and
2dry
hypotension
2tachycardia
2kussmauls
2breathing 2fruity
2breath
treatment 2of 2DKA 2+ 2HHS 2correct 2answer..insulin 2IV 2(make 2sure 2to 2monitor 2K
2levels 2along 2with 2giving 2insulin... 2it 2can 2cause 2potassium 2to 2bottom 2out)
rehydration 2(NS 2given 2IV)
treat 2acidosis 2(if 2in 2DKA)
HHS 2correct 2answer..most 2common 2in 2type 22
2DM 2slow 2onset... 2days 2to 2weeks.
glucose 2level 2> 2600
2arterial 2pH 2is 2normal
2absent 2for 2urine
2ketones 2severely
2dehydrated 2profound
2hypotension 2poor 2skin
2turgor
diabetic 2foot 2care 2correct 2answer..inspect 2feet
2every 2day!! 2wash 2feet 2every 2day 2but 2do 2not 2soak
2them.
keep 2skin 2smooth 2and
2soft 2trim 2toenails 2each
2week
wear 2shoes 2and 2socks 2at 2all
2time 2avoid 2extreme 2hot 2and
2cold 2temps.
keep 2the 2blood 2flowing 2to 2feet 2(compression 2socks)
if 2exercising, 2try 2to 2use 2pavement 2and 2not 2grass/woods.
nutritional 2therapy 2for 2diabetes 2correct 2answer..weight 2loss 2is 2key.
lower 2caloric 2intake 2(500-1000 2calories 2are 2deducted 2from 2normal 2intake 2to
2lose 21-2 2lbs 2per 2week)
50-60% 2carbs 2(whole
2grains) 220-30% 2fat
2(non-saturated)
10-20% 2protein 2(legumes, 2whole 2grains)
eat 2a 215g 2carb. 2snack 2before 2beginning 2exercise
, rapid 2acting 2insulin 2correct 2answer..Lispro, 2Aspart
questions and answers
latest top score.
risk factors for diabetes correct answer..family
hx obesity
HTN
smoking
hx of gestational diabetes
race/ethnicity
age of 45 y.o or
more HDL < 35
LDL > 250
type 1 diabetes correct answer..destruction of beta cells = *no insulin
production* onset is @ a young age
genetic predisposition
DKA can occur. (metabolic acidosis may occur)
glycosuria can be present
type 2 diabetes correct answer..insulin resistance (decreases sensitivity to
insulin) onset is later in life
"insulin dependent"
obesity, diet, lifestyle, smoking,
HTN HHS can occur
3 P's correct answer..happens with hyperglycemia
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
,hypoglycemia S+S correct answer..(less than
70) sweaty
lightheadedne
ss shaky/weak
hungry
headache
confusion
hyperglycemia S+S correct answer..(more than
120) 3 P's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
slow healing
process blurred
vision tiredness
leg cramps
microvascular complications associated w/ diabetes correct
answer..nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy
diabetic nephropathy correct answer..experienced more by Type 2 pts.
high levels of BS overwhelm the kidneys, protein (ex. albumin) leaks into the
urine, pressure in the vessels of kidneys increase.
management: control HTN, prevent UTIs, avoid contrast dyes/toxic
medications, low sodium low protein diet.
peripheral diabetic neuropathy correct answer..affects distal portions of
nerves, especially in lower extremities.
S+S: parasthesia, burning sensation, pain in lower extremities, feet become
numb, decreased sensation to touch, decrease in deep tendon reflexes
management: control of BBG, pain management (gabapentin)
diabetic retinopathy correct answer..changes in small blood vessels in the
retina (macular edema... eventually vision loss occurs)
recommend frequent eye exams
3 macrovascular complications associated w/ diabetes correct
answer..coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
DKA correct answer..most common in type 1
DM onset is rapid
glucose level > 250
,arterial 2pH 2< 27.3 2(metabolic 2acidosis
2occurs) 2positive 2for 2urine 2ketones
polyuria, 2polydipsia,
2polyphagia 2skin 2is 2hot 2and
2dry
hypotension
2tachycardia
2kussmauls
2breathing 2fruity
2breath
treatment 2of 2DKA 2+ 2HHS 2correct 2answer..insulin 2IV 2(make 2sure 2to 2monitor 2K
2levels 2along 2with 2giving 2insulin... 2it 2can 2cause 2potassium 2to 2bottom 2out)
rehydration 2(NS 2given 2IV)
treat 2acidosis 2(if 2in 2DKA)
HHS 2correct 2answer..most 2common 2in 2type 22
2DM 2slow 2onset... 2days 2to 2weeks.
glucose 2level 2> 2600
2arterial 2pH 2is 2normal
2absent 2for 2urine
2ketones 2severely
2dehydrated 2profound
2hypotension 2poor 2skin
2turgor
diabetic 2foot 2care 2correct 2answer..inspect 2feet
2every 2day!! 2wash 2feet 2every 2day 2but 2do 2not 2soak
2them.
keep 2skin 2smooth 2and
2soft 2trim 2toenails 2each
2week
wear 2shoes 2and 2socks 2at 2all
2time 2avoid 2extreme 2hot 2and
2cold 2temps.
keep 2the 2blood 2flowing 2to 2feet 2(compression 2socks)
if 2exercising, 2try 2to 2use 2pavement 2and 2not 2grass/woods.
nutritional 2therapy 2for 2diabetes 2correct 2answer..weight 2loss 2is 2key.
lower 2caloric 2intake 2(500-1000 2calories 2are 2deducted 2from 2normal 2intake 2to
2lose 21-2 2lbs 2per 2week)
50-60% 2carbs 2(whole
2grains) 220-30% 2fat
2(non-saturated)
10-20% 2protein 2(legumes, 2whole 2grains)
eat 2a 215g 2carb. 2snack 2before 2beginning 2exercise
, rapid 2acting 2insulin 2correct 2answer..Lispro, 2Aspart
