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Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE v
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is
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known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration v
b. Internal respiration v
c. Spontaneous ventilation v
d. Mechanical ventilation v
ANS: C v
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
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ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism,
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this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
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involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
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between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
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respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of
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oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 v v
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells v v v v v
b. Scalenes and trapezius v v
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary v v
capillaries
d. External oblique and v v
transverse abdominal muscles v v
ANS: C v
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
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dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
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Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
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movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
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inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
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are accessory muscles of expiration.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 v v
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
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following?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B v
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
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from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at
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end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that
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change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 v v
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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.
a. - 1 cm H2O v v v
b. + 1 cm H2O v v v
c. 0 cm H2O v v
d. 5 cm H2O v v
ANS: A v
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during
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normal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a
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vnormal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1
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cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 v v
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
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which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) v v v
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) v v
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) v v
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d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) v v
ANS: D v
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure
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required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )
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is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
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conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to
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inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation.
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Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to
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expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 v v
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
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during positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway
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pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm
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H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O v v
b. 30 cm H2O v v
c. 40 cm H2O v v
d. 175 cm H2O v v
ANS: B v
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure
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required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical
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ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 v v
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to
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its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside
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force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance v
d. Distending pressure v