,CONTENTS
FOREWORD iii
PREFACE V
Unit 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 281
10.1 Classification 282
10.2 Nomenclature 283
10.3 Nature of C–X Bond 285
10.4 Methods of Preparation 286
10.5 Physical Properties 289
10.6 Chemical Reactions 291
10.7 Polyhalogen Compounds 308
Unit 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 315
11.1 Classification 316
11.2 Nomenclature 317
11.3 Structures of Functional Groups 320
11.4 Alcohols and Phenols 321
11.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 336
11.6 Ethers 337
Unit 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 349
12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group 350
12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 353
12.3 Physical Properties 357
12.4 Chemical Reactions 358
12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones 365
12.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group 366
12.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 367
12.8 Physical Properties 371
12.9 Chemical Reactions 371
12.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids 376
,Unit 13 Amines 381
13.1 Structure of Amines 381
13.2 Classification 382
13.3 Nomenclature 382
13.4 Preparation of Amines 384
13.5 Physical Properties 387
13.6 Chemical Reactions 388
13.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts 396
13.8 Physical Properties 397
13.9 Chemical Reactions 397
13.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of 398
Aromatic Compounds
Unit 14 Biomolecules 403
14.1 Carbohydrates 403
14.2 Proteins 412
14.3 Enzymes 417
14.4 Vitamins 417
14.5 Nucleic Acids 419
Unit 15 Polymers 425
15.1 Classification of Polymers 426
15.2 Types of Polymerisation 428
15.3 Molecular Mass of Polymers 435
15.4 Biodegradable Polymers 435
15.5 Polymers of Commercial Importance 436
Unit 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 439
16.1 Drugs and their Classification 439
16.2 Drug-Target Interaction 440
16.3 Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs 443
16.4 Chemicals in Food 449
16.5 Cleansing Agents 450
Answers to Some Questions in Exercises 456
Index 461
xii
, INDEX
Terms Page No. Terms Page No.
Achiral 297 Baeyers' reagent 362
Acidity of alcohols 327 Bakelite 428, 432
Acidity of phenols 328 Barbiturates 445
Active site 440 Benzylic alcohols 317
Acylation 392 Benzylic halides 282, 295
Addition polymers 427 Biodegradable polymers 435
Adduct 323 Biomolecules 403
Alcohols 315, 317, 321 Branched chain polymers 426
Aldehydes 349, 350, 352 Broad spectrum antibiotics 447
Aldol condensation 363 Buna - N 428, 435
Aldol reaction 363 Buna - S 427
Aldopentose 412 Cannizzaro reaction 364
Alkanamines 382, 390 Carbocation 295, 300
Alkenes 288 Carbohydrates 403
Alkyl halides 281, 282 Carboxylic acids 349, 366
Alkylation 392 Carbylamine reaction 393
Alkylbenzenes 368 Catalytic action of enzymes 440
Alkynes 354 Cationic detergents 452
Allosteric site 441 Cellulose 411
Allylic alcohols 316 Chain initiating step 429
Allylic halides 282, 295 Chain propagating step 429
Ambident nucleophiles 292 Chain terminating step 429
Amines 381 Chemical messengers 442
Amino acids 412 Chemotherapy 439
Ammonolysis 384 Chirality 296, 297
Amylopectin 410 Cleansing agents 450
Amylose 410 Clemmensen reduction 360
Analgesics 444 Coagulation 417
Anhydrides 369 Competitive inhibitors 441
Animal starch 411 Condensation polymers 427
Anionic detergents 452 Copolymerisation 433
Anomers 408 Copolymers 427
Antacids 443 Cross aldol condensation 364
Antibiotics 445 Cross linked polymers 426
Antidepressant drugs 444 Cumene 324
Antifertility drugs 448 Cyclic structure 407
Antihistamines 443 DDT 309
Antimicrobial drugs 446 Dehydrogenation 331
Antipyretic 445 Denaturation 336
Antiseptics 446, 448 Denaturation of protein 416
Aromatic ring 317 Deoxyribonucleic acid 419
Artificial sweetening agents 449 Deoxyribose 412
Aryl halides 283 Detergents 450
Arylamines 383, 391 Dextrorotatory 296
Aspirin 445 Diazonium salt 287, 288
Asymmetric carbon 297 Diazonium salts 396
Azo dyes 400 Diazotisation 396
Bactericidal 447 Disaccharides 404, 409
Bacteriostatic 447 Disinfectants 446, 448
461 Index
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FOREWORD iii
PREFACE V
Unit 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 281
10.1 Classification 282
10.2 Nomenclature 283
10.3 Nature of C–X Bond 285
10.4 Methods of Preparation 286
10.5 Physical Properties 289
10.6 Chemical Reactions 291
10.7 Polyhalogen Compounds 308
Unit 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 315
11.1 Classification 316
11.2 Nomenclature 317
11.3 Structures of Functional Groups 320
11.4 Alcohols and Phenols 321
11.5 Some Commercially Important Alcohols 336
11.6 Ethers 337
Unit 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 349
12.1 Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group 350
12.2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 353
12.3 Physical Properties 357
12.4 Chemical Reactions 358
12.5 Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones 365
12.6 Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group 366
12.7 Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids 367
12.8 Physical Properties 371
12.9 Chemical Reactions 371
12.10 Uses of Carboxylic Acids 376
,Unit 13 Amines 381
13.1 Structure of Amines 381
13.2 Classification 382
13.3 Nomenclature 382
13.4 Preparation of Amines 384
13.5 Physical Properties 387
13.6 Chemical Reactions 388
13.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts 396
13.8 Physical Properties 397
13.9 Chemical Reactions 397
13.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of 398
Aromatic Compounds
Unit 14 Biomolecules 403
14.1 Carbohydrates 403
14.2 Proteins 412
14.3 Enzymes 417
14.4 Vitamins 417
14.5 Nucleic Acids 419
Unit 15 Polymers 425
15.1 Classification of Polymers 426
15.2 Types of Polymerisation 428
15.3 Molecular Mass of Polymers 435
15.4 Biodegradable Polymers 435
15.5 Polymers of Commercial Importance 436
Unit 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 439
16.1 Drugs and their Classification 439
16.2 Drug-Target Interaction 440
16.3 Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs 443
16.4 Chemicals in Food 449
16.5 Cleansing Agents 450
Answers to Some Questions in Exercises 456
Index 461
xii
, INDEX
Terms Page No. Terms Page No.
Achiral 297 Baeyers' reagent 362
Acidity of alcohols 327 Bakelite 428, 432
Acidity of phenols 328 Barbiturates 445
Active site 440 Benzylic alcohols 317
Acylation 392 Benzylic halides 282, 295
Addition polymers 427 Biodegradable polymers 435
Adduct 323 Biomolecules 403
Alcohols 315, 317, 321 Branched chain polymers 426
Aldehydes 349, 350, 352 Broad spectrum antibiotics 447
Aldol condensation 363 Buna - N 428, 435
Aldol reaction 363 Buna - S 427
Aldopentose 412 Cannizzaro reaction 364
Alkanamines 382, 390 Carbocation 295, 300
Alkenes 288 Carbohydrates 403
Alkyl halides 281, 282 Carboxylic acids 349, 366
Alkylation 392 Carbylamine reaction 393
Alkylbenzenes 368 Catalytic action of enzymes 440
Alkynes 354 Cationic detergents 452
Allosteric site 441 Cellulose 411
Allylic alcohols 316 Chain initiating step 429
Allylic halides 282, 295 Chain propagating step 429
Ambident nucleophiles 292 Chain terminating step 429
Amines 381 Chemical messengers 442
Amino acids 412 Chemotherapy 439
Ammonolysis 384 Chirality 296, 297
Amylopectin 410 Cleansing agents 450
Amylose 410 Clemmensen reduction 360
Analgesics 444 Coagulation 417
Anhydrides 369 Competitive inhibitors 441
Animal starch 411 Condensation polymers 427
Anionic detergents 452 Copolymerisation 433
Anomers 408 Copolymers 427
Antacids 443 Cross aldol condensation 364
Antibiotics 445 Cross linked polymers 426
Antidepressant drugs 444 Cumene 324
Antifertility drugs 448 Cyclic structure 407
Antihistamines 443 DDT 309
Antimicrobial drugs 446 Dehydrogenation 331
Antipyretic 445 Denaturation 336
Antiseptics 446, 448 Denaturation of protein 416
Aromatic ring 317 Deoxyribonucleic acid 419
Artificial sweetening agents 449 Deoxyribose 412
Aryl halides 283 Detergents 450
Arylamines 383, 391 Dextrorotatory 296
Aspirin 445 Diazonium salt 287, 288
Asymmetric carbon 297 Diazonium salts 396
Azo dyes 400 Diazotisation 396
Bactericidal 447 Disaccharides 404, 409
Bacteriostatic 447 Disinfectants 446, 448
461 Index
C:\Chemistry-12\Index.pmd 28.02.07
