DaVita Final Exam Questions and
Answers|Latest Update
What is pericarditis? inflammation of the pericardium
treatment for pericarditis good dialysis, fluids, anti inflammatories, antibiotics, surgery
Why are dialysis patients anemic? lack of erythropoietin, inadequate iron, inadequate
dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
what are four key elements contributing to MBD? calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid
hormone, vitamin D
what are the symptoms of MBD? severe itching, calciphylaxis, muscle weakness, bone
pain, fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis, heart disease, growth
failure (PEDS)
AKI acute kidney injury, encompasses wide range of kidney issues
,Causes of pre-renal AKI volume depletion, decreased cardiac output, severe hypotension,
renal vascular obstruction
causes of intra-renal AKI acute glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, acute
interstitial nephritis, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, myeloma, medications/toxins
causes of post renal AKI bladder/ureteral malignancy, kidney stones, enlarged prostate
Difference between CKD and AKI gradual permanent loss of kidney function vs sudden
loss of kidney function that may partially or fully return
How to aid in restoring kidney function eliminate cause of AKI
considerations for AKI patients typical pt will have CVC
do not dry pt out
avoid renal toxic substances
ask pt to track urine output and to report changes during nursing assessment
pts are at increased risk for hypovolemia, infection and CKD
,What makes dialysis patients more susceptible to HAIs? pts w/ CKD have impaired
immune systems
Why are dialysis patients at increased risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility? prolonged
access to pts blood
what is the most common route for HAIs? contact transmission
most important intervention to prevent HAIs hand hygiene for 20 secs
most common infectious complication in HD pts? vascular access infection
What germ causes the most common infections in hemodialysis patients? staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA)
Why is wearing gloves so important? Decreases risk of hand contamination
, why do you need to perform hand hygiene after wearing gloves? microscopic holes in
gloves or removing gloves can contaminate hands
difference between OSHA and CMS OSHA protects employees
CMS protects patients
what are V tags? they state regulations to be met i.e. infection control
dialysis machines, even when cleaned, are always considered a dirty area
when should sharps be removed from the treatment floor? 3/4 full
3 strategies to decrease risk of infection in CVC patients wearing facemasks when lumens
are exposed
wearing gloves when touching anything exposed
minimize lumen/exit sites from being exposed
Who can use clean sinks for hand washing? Teammates and patients
Answers|Latest Update
What is pericarditis? inflammation of the pericardium
treatment for pericarditis good dialysis, fluids, anti inflammatories, antibiotics, surgery
Why are dialysis patients anemic? lack of erythropoietin, inadequate iron, inadequate
dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
what are four key elements contributing to MBD? calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid
hormone, vitamin D
what are the symptoms of MBD? severe itching, calciphylaxis, muscle weakness, bone
pain, fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis, heart disease, growth
failure (PEDS)
AKI acute kidney injury, encompasses wide range of kidney issues
,Causes of pre-renal AKI volume depletion, decreased cardiac output, severe hypotension,
renal vascular obstruction
causes of intra-renal AKI acute glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, acute
interstitial nephritis, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, myeloma, medications/toxins
causes of post renal AKI bladder/ureteral malignancy, kidney stones, enlarged prostate
Difference between CKD and AKI gradual permanent loss of kidney function vs sudden
loss of kidney function that may partially or fully return
How to aid in restoring kidney function eliminate cause of AKI
considerations for AKI patients typical pt will have CVC
do not dry pt out
avoid renal toxic substances
ask pt to track urine output and to report changes during nursing assessment
pts are at increased risk for hypovolemia, infection and CKD
,What makes dialysis patients more susceptible to HAIs? pts w/ CKD have impaired
immune systems
Why are dialysis patients at increased risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility? prolonged
access to pts blood
what is the most common route for HAIs? contact transmission
most important intervention to prevent HAIs hand hygiene for 20 secs
most common infectious complication in HD pts? vascular access infection
What germ causes the most common infections in hemodialysis patients? staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA)
Why is wearing gloves so important? Decreases risk of hand contamination
, why do you need to perform hand hygiene after wearing gloves? microscopic holes in
gloves or removing gloves can contaminate hands
difference between OSHA and CMS OSHA protects employees
CMS protects patients
what are V tags? they state regulations to be met i.e. infection control
dialysis machines, even when cleaned, are always considered a dirty area
when should sharps be removed from the treatment floor? 3/4 full
3 strategies to decrease risk of infection in CVC patients wearing facemasks when lumens
are exposed
wearing gloves when touching anything exposed
minimize lumen/exit sites from being exposed
Who can use clean sinks for hand washing? Teammates and patients
