FAD 3220 EXAM 1 (Jenna Scott FSU)|330
Questions and Answers (Verified)
lifespan development - -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change & stability in behavior that occur thru entire lifespan
- what are the four major topical areas? - -physical, cognitive, personality &
social dev.
- ethnicity - -religion, lang & culture
- race - -biological concept, physical & structural
- critical period - -time during dev. when an event has its greatest
consquences & the presence of certain kinds of environmetal stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally
- sensitive period - -point in dev when organisms are suseptible to certain
kinds of stimuli around them but absence doesnt always cause irreversible
effects
- nature - -traits, abilities & capacities are are inherited from ones parents
- nurture - -environmental influences that shape behavior, can be biological,
social or societal
- cohort - -group of people born around the same time in the same place
- history-graded influences - -biological & environmental influences
associated w a particular historical moment
- continuous change - -development is gradual w/ achievements @ one
level building on those of previous levels
- discontinous change - -development occurring in distinct stages, each
stage brings about behavior thats different from the previous
- theory - -broad explanations and predictions ab phenomena of interest
- what are the 6 major theoretical perspectives used? - -psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, contextual & evolutionary
- psychodynamic perspec - -states behavior is motivated by inner forces,
memories & conflicts that are generally beyond ppl's awareness/control
, - freud's psychoanalytic theory - -unconscious forces act to determine
personality & behavior
- id - -raw unorganized part of personality present @ birth, represents
primitive drivers; operates according to pleasure principle
- ego - -rational & reasonable, operates on reality principle
- superego - -persons conscious, distincts from right & wrong
- freud's psychosexual developement - -stages that children pass thru
where pleasure & gratification is focused on a particular biological function &
body part
- stages in psychosexual dev - -oral, anal, phallic/genitals
- erikson's psychosocial theory - -dev. that includes changes in the
understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society
- 8 stages of psychosocial - -1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role diffusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generavity vs isolation
8. ego-integrity vs despair
- behavioral perspective - -suggests that the keys to understanding
development are observable behavior & environmental stimuli
- what does behavioralists reflect is more important in development? - -
nurture over nature
- what notion do behavioralists reject? and believe? - -that people
universally pass thru series of stages HOWEVER people are affected by the
environment stimuli that they're exposed to
- what do behavioralists believe behavior is a result of? - -continuing
exposure to factors in the environment
- what did john B watson believe? - -by conditioning a persons environment
you could produce any behavior
, - classical conditioning - -when a person learns to respond in a particular
way to a neutral sitmulus
- operant conditioning (BF Skinner) - -form of learning where a voluntary
response is strengthened/weakened by its associated w pos or neg
consequences
- behavior modification - -technique for promoting the frequency of
desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
- alburt bandura's social cognitive learning theory - -emphasizes learning by
observing the behavior of another person (model)
- cognitive perspective - -approach that focuses on the processes that allow
people to know, understand & think about the world
- what did jean piaget propose? - -all ppl pass thru fixed sequence of
universal stages of cognitive development
- schemes - -organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and
actions in which human thinking is arranged into
- assimilation - -process where ppl understand a new exp in terms of their
current stage of cognitive dev & existing ways of thinking
- accommodation - -changes in existing ways of thinking in response to
encounters w new stimuli or events
- information-processing approaches - -the models that seeks to identify the
ways pp l take in, use & store info; assume complex behaviors can be broken
down into a series of individual specific steps
- neo-piagetian theory - -cognitive dev proceeds quickly in certain areas &
more slowly in others; exp plays greater roles in cognition
- cognitive neuroscience approaches - -examines cognitive dev thru the
lens of brain processes
- humanistic perspective - -ppl have a natural capacity to make decisions
about their lives & control their behavior
- free will - -ability of humans to make choices & comes to decisions about
their lives
- what did carl rogers suggest? - -ppl need positive regard which results
from underlying wish to be loved & respected
Questions and Answers (Verified)
lifespan development - -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change & stability in behavior that occur thru entire lifespan
- what are the four major topical areas? - -physical, cognitive, personality &
social dev.
- ethnicity - -religion, lang & culture
- race - -biological concept, physical & structural
- critical period - -time during dev. when an event has its greatest
consquences & the presence of certain kinds of environmetal stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally
- sensitive period - -point in dev when organisms are suseptible to certain
kinds of stimuli around them but absence doesnt always cause irreversible
effects
- nature - -traits, abilities & capacities are are inherited from ones parents
- nurture - -environmental influences that shape behavior, can be biological,
social or societal
- cohort - -group of people born around the same time in the same place
- history-graded influences - -biological & environmental influences
associated w a particular historical moment
- continuous change - -development is gradual w/ achievements @ one
level building on those of previous levels
- discontinous change - -development occurring in distinct stages, each
stage brings about behavior thats different from the previous
- theory - -broad explanations and predictions ab phenomena of interest
- what are the 6 major theoretical perspectives used? - -psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, contextual & evolutionary
- psychodynamic perspec - -states behavior is motivated by inner forces,
memories & conflicts that are generally beyond ppl's awareness/control
, - freud's psychoanalytic theory - -unconscious forces act to determine
personality & behavior
- id - -raw unorganized part of personality present @ birth, represents
primitive drivers; operates according to pleasure principle
- ego - -rational & reasonable, operates on reality principle
- superego - -persons conscious, distincts from right & wrong
- freud's psychosexual developement - -stages that children pass thru
where pleasure & gratification is focused on a particular biological function &
body part
- stages in psychosexual dev - -oral, anal, phallic/genitals
- erikson's psychosocial theory - -dev. that includes changes in the
understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society
- 8 stages of psychosocial - -1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role diffusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generavity vs isolation
8. ego-integrity vs despair
- behavioral perspective - -suggests that the keys to understanding
development are observable behavior & environmental stimuli
- what does behavioralists reflect is more important in development? - -
nurture over nature
- what notion do behavioralists reject? and believe? - -that people
universally pass thru series of stages HOWEVER people are affected by the
environment stimuli that they're exposed to
- what do behavioralists believe behavior is a result of? - -continuing
exposure to factors in the environment
- what did john B watson believe? - -by conditioning a persons environment
you could produce any behavior
, - classical conditioning - -when a person learns to respond in a particular
way to a neutral sitmulus
- operant conditioning (BF Skinner) - -form of learning where a voluntary
response is strengthened/weakened by its associated w pos or neg
consequences
- behavior modification - -technique for promoting the frequency of
desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
- alburt bandura's social cognitive learning theory - -emphasizes learning by
observing the behavior of another person (model)
- cognitive perspective - -approach that focuses on the processes that allow
people to know, understand & think about the world
- what did jean piaget propose? - -all ppl pass thru fixed sequence of
universal stages of cognitive development
- schemes - -organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and
actions in which human thinking is arranged into
- assimilation - -process where ppl understand a new exp in terms of their
current stage of cognitive dev & existing ways of thinking
- accommodation - -changes in existing ways of thinking in response to
encounters w new stimuli or events
- information-processing approaches - -the models that seeks to identify the
ways pp l take in, use & store info; assume complex behaviors can be broken
down into a series of individual specific steps
- neo-piagetian theory - -cognitive dev proceeds quickly in certain areas &
more slowly in others; exp plays greater roles in cognition
- cognitive neuroscience approaches - -examines cognitive dev thru the
lens of brain processes
- humanistic perspective - -ppl have a natural capacity to make decisions
about their lives & control their behavior
- free will - -ability of humans to make choices & comes to decisions about
their lives
- what did carl rogers suggest? - -ppl need positive regard which results
from underlying wish to be loved & respected
