Jorge CISSN Exam Review Questions and
Answers Verified by Experts
What is the glycose-alanine cycle? during exercise, pyruvate is formed from the
breakdown of glycogen and glucose. Within the muscle BCAA's donate their amino group to
pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to the liver where it is used to regenerate
glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal muscle to be used for energy. Thus,
BCAA's (especially leucine) help reform glucose during fasting and prolonged exercise.
What is the Cori-cycle? The metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic
glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose via
gluconeogenesis, which then returns to the muscles and is converted back to lactate.
Why is fat considered the ideal cellular fuel? it produces a far superior amount of energy
when oxidized versus carbs or protein
What are the essential amino acids? cannot be synthesized by the body and must be
consumed in our diet
-histidine
,-isoleucine
-leucine
-lysine
-methionine
-phenylalanine
-threonine
-trytophan
-valine
What are essential AAs that are also BCAAs? -isoleucine
-leucine
-valine
What are conditionally essential AAs? AA's that are not produced by the body but are
needed under stressful conditions such as exercise
-arginine
-cysteine
,-glutamine
-glycine
-proline
-tyrosine
What is the process of glycogen synthesis called? glycogenesis
What is the main function of a carbohydrate? energy source
Compare and contrast creatine monohydrate and creatine ethyl ester Wen compared to
creatine monohydrate, creatine ethyl ester was not as effective at increasing serum and muscle
creatine levels or in improving body composition, muscle mass, strength, and power. Therefore,
the improvements in these variables can most likely be attributed to the training protocol itself,
rather than the supplementation regimen.
What is the primary fuel source for high jump? ATP/creatine phosphate, CHO
What is the primary fuel source for a 1500 m run? glycogen, some fat oxidation
, What is the primary fuel source for a marathon? fat oxidation
How many kcal is 1 g CHO? 4 kcal
How many kcal is 1 g fat? 9 kcal
How many kcal is 1 g pro? 4 kcal
What is beta-alanine and what does it do when ingested during intense training? -beta-
alanine is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of carnosine
- the amount of carnosine your body produces is directly dependent on the amount of beta-
alanine available
- supplementation with beta-alanine appears to have the ability to augment performance, and
stimulate lean mass accrual in a short amount of time (8 weeks) in previously trained athletes.
Beta-alanine may magnify the expected performance outcomes of training programs with
different metabolic demands.
Answers Verified by Experts
What is the glycose-alanine cycle? during exercise, pyruvate is formed from the
breakdown of glycogen and glucose. Within the muscle BCAA's donate their amino group to
pyruvate to form alanine. Alanine is transported to the liver where it is used to regenerate
glucose. Glucose can then be transported back to skeletal muscle to be used for energy. Thus,
BCAA's (especially leucine) help reform glucose during fasting and prolonged exercise.
What is the Cori-cycle? The metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic
glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose via
gluconeogenesis, which then returns to the muscles and is converted back to lactate.
Why is fat considered the ideal cellular fuel? it produces a far superior amount of energy
when oxidized versus carbs or protein
What are the essential amino acids? cannot be synthesized by the body and must be
consumed in our diet
-histidine
,-isoleucine
-leucine
-lysine
-methionine
-phenylalanine
-threonine
-trytophan
-valine
What are essential AAs that are also BCAAs? -isoleucine
-leucine
-valine
What are conditionally essential AAs? AA's that are not produced by the body but are
needed under stressful conditions such as exercise
-arginine
-cysteine
,-glutamine
-glycine
-proline
-tyrosine
What is the process of glycogen synthesis called? glycogenesis
What is the main function of a carbohydrate? energy source
Compare and contrast creatine monohydrate and creatine ethyl ester Wen compared to
creatine monohydrate, creatine ethyl ester was not as effective at increasing serum and muscle
creatine levels or in improving body composition, muscle mass, strength, and power. Therefore,
the improvements in these variables can most likely be attributed to the training protocol itself,
rather than the supplementation regimen.
What is the primary fuel source for high jump? ATP/creatine phosphate, CHO
What is the primary fuel source for a 1500 m run? glycogen, some fat oxidation
, What is the primary fuel source for a marathon? fat oxidation
How many kcal is 1 g CHO? 4 kcal
How many kcal is 1 g fat? 9 kcal
How many kcal is 1 g pro? 4 kcal
What is beta-alanine and what does it do when ingested during intense training? -beta-
alanine is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of carnosine
- the amount of carnosine your body produces is directly dependent on the amount of beta-
alanine available
- supplementation with beta-alanine appears to have the ability to augment performance, and
stimulate lean mass accrual in a short amount of time (8 weeks) in previously trained athletes.
Beta-alanine may magnify the expected performance outcomes of training programs with
different metabolic demands.
