FAD 3220 EXAM 1 (Jenna Scott FSU) |
358 Q’s and A’s
lifespan development - -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change & stability in behavior that occur thru entire lifespan
- what are the four major topical areas? - -physical, cognitive, personality &
social dev.
- cultural factors & developmental diversity - -broad differences - social
constructions that are arbitrary & culturally defined
finer differences - ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, gender
- ethnicity - -religion, lang & culture
- race - -biological concept, physical & structural
- critical period - -time during dev. when an event has its greatest
consquences & the presence of certain kinds of environmetal stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally
- sensitive period - -point in dev when organisms are suseptible to certain
kinds of stimuli around them but absence doesnt always cause irreversible
effects
- nonhuman animal studies - -controls genetics and environment
offers substantial opportunities , but cannot guarantee generalization to
humans
- human studies - --Includes adoption studies; twin studies; family studies;
non-related people of similar background studies
-Cannot control genetic background or human environments
- nature - -traits, abilities & capacities are are inherited from ones parents -
encompasses any factor that is produced by the predetermined unfolding of
genetic information - a process known as maturation.
- nurture - -environmental influences that shape behavior, can be biological,
social or societal - such as socioeconomic factors.
- cohort - -group of people born around the same time in the same place
, - continuous and discontinuous - -Grady believes that human development
occurs in small, measurable amounts. His sister Andrea disagrees and
suggests that human development is more distinct and steplike. Their
argument is most reflective of the ______________ issue.
- nature, nurture and intelligence - -closer genetic link = greater
correspondence of overall IQ scores
- influences on development - -sociocultutral- graded
age-graded
history-graded
nonnormative life event
- history-graded influences - -biological & environmental influences
associated w a particular historical moment
- continuous change - -development is gradual w/ achievements @ one
level building on those of previous levels
- discontinous change - -development occurring in distinct stages, each
stage brings about behavior thats different from the previous
- theory - -broad explanations and predictions ab phenomena of interest
- what are the 6 major theoretical perspectives used? - -psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, contextual & evolutionary
- psychodynamic perspec - -states behavior is motivated by inner forces,
memories & conflicts that are generally beyond ppl's awareness/control
- freud's psychoanalytic theory - -unconscious forces act to determine
personality & behavior
- id - -raw unorganized part of personality present @ birth, represents
primitive drivers; operates according to pleasure principle
- ego - -rational & reasonable, operates on reality principle
- superego - -persons conscious, distincts from right & wrong
- freud's psychosexual developement - -stages that children pass thru
where pleasure & gratification is focused on a particular biological function &
body part
- stages in psychosexual dev - -oral, anal, phallic, genitals
, - body proportions - -During the fetal period, the proportions of the body
change dramatically.
At 2 months, the head represents about half the fetus, but by the time of
birth, it is one-quarter of its total size.
- erikson's psychosocial theory - -dev. that includes changes in the
understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society
- 8 stages of psychosocial - -1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role diffusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generavity vs isolation
8. ego-integrity vs despair
- behavioral perspective - -suggests that the keys to understanding
development are observable behavior & environmental stimuli
- what does behavioralists reflect is more important in development? - -
nurture over nature
- what notion do behavioralists reject? and believe? - -that people
universally pass thru series of stages HOWEVER people are affected by the
environment stimuli that they're exposed to
- what do behavioralists believe behavior is a result of? - -continuing
exposure to factors in the environment
- what did john B watson believe? - -by conditioning a persons environment
you could produce any behavior
- classical conditioning - -when a person learns to respond in a particular
way to a neutral sitmulus
dog hears bell and associates it with getting food
- operant conditioning (BF Skinner) - -form of learning where a voluntary
response is strengthened/weakened by its associated w pos or neg
consequences
dog rings bell to get food
358 Q’s and A’s
lifespan development - -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change & stability in behavior that occur thru entire lifespan
- what are the four major topical areas? - -physical, cognitive, personality &
social dev.
- cultural factors & developmental diversity - -broad differences - social
constructions that are arbitrary & culturally defined
finer differences - ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, gender
- ethnicity - -religion, lang & culture
- race - -biological concept, physical & structural
- critical period - -time during dev. when an event has its greatest
consquences & the presence of certain kinds of environmetal stimuli are
necessary for development to proceed normally
- sensitive period - -point in dev when organisms are suseptible to certain
kinds of stimuli around them but absence doesnt always cause irreversible
effects
- nonhuman animal studies - -controls genetics and environment
offers substantial opportunities , but cannot guarantee generalization to
humans
- human studies - --Includes adoption studies; twin studies; family studies;
non-related people of similar background studies
-Cannot control genetic background or human environments
- nature - -traits, abilities & capacities are are inherited from ones parents -
encompasses any factor that is produced by the predetermined unfolding of
genetic information - a process known as maturation.
- nurture - -environmental influences that shape behavior, can be biological,
social or societal - such as socioeconomic factors.
- cohort - -group of people born around the same time in the same place
, - continuous and discontinuous - -Grady believes that human development
occurs in small, measurable amounts. His sister Andrea disagrees and
suggests that human development is more distinct and steplike. Their
argument is most reflective of the ______________ issue.
- nature, nurture and intelligence - -closer genetic link = greater
correspondence of overall IQ scores
- influences on development - -sociocultutral- graded
age-graded
history-graded
nonnormative life event
- history-graded influences - -biological & environmental influences
associated w a particular historical moment
- continuous change - -development is gradual w/ achievements @ one
level building on those of previous levels
- discontinous change - -development occurring in distinct stages, each
stage brings about behavior thats different from the previous
- theory - -broad explanations and predictions ab phenomena of interest
- what are the 6 major theoretical perspectives used? - -psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, contextual & evolutionary
- psychodynamic perspec - -states behavior is motivated by inner forces,
memories & conflicts that are generally beyond ppl's awareness/control
- freud's psychoanalytic theory - -unconscious forces act to determine
personality & behavior
- id - -raw unorganized part of personality present @ birth, represents
primitive drivers; operates according to pleasure principle
- ego - -rational & reasonable, operates on reality principle
- superego - -persons conscious, distincts from right & wrong
- freud's psychosexual developement - -stages that children pass thru
where pleasure & gratification is focused on a particular biological function &
body part
- stages in psychosexual dev - -oral, anal, phallic, genitals
, - body proportions - -During the fetal period, the proportions of the body
change dramatically.
At 2 months, the head represents about half the fetus, but by the time of
birth, it is one-quarter of its total size.
- erikson's psychosocial theory - -dev. that includes changes in the
understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society
- 8 stages of psychosocial - -1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role diffusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generavity vs isolation
8. ego-integrity vs despair
- behavioral perspective - -suggests that the keys to understanding
development are observable behavior & environmental stimuli
- what does behavioralists reflect is more important in development? - -
nurture over nature
- what notion do behavioralists reject? and believe? - -that people
universally pass thru series of stages HOWEVER people are affected by the
environment stimuli that they're exposed to
- what do behavioralists believe behavior is a result of? - -continuing
exposure to factors in the environment
- what did john B watson believe? - -by conditioning a persons environment
you could produce any behavior
- classical conditioning - -when a person learns to respond in a particular
way to a neutral sitmulus
dog hears bell and associates it with getting food
- operant conditioning (BF Skinner) - -form of learning where a voluntary
response is strengthened/weakened by its associated w pos or neg
consequences
dog rings bell to get food
