BIO 175 Waiver Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
What is the function of a glycerol backbone? keep fatty acid tails attached to the
phosphate head
Explain the difference in phosphate heads' and fatty acid tails' relationships with water.
Phosphate heads are hydrophilic while fatty acid tails are hydro phobic
What is a phospholipid bilayer? the formation of a cell membrane via the grouping of
phosphate heads, and the grouping of fatty acid tails, creating a hydrophobic layer between an
external and internal hydrophilic layer
What kind of substances pass through the cell membrane? - small non-polar molecules,
like gases, pass through the easiest and quickest
- small polar molecules, like water, pass through slowly
- larger nonpolar molecules also pass through slowly
,Besides phospholipids, what else makes up the cell membrane? - proteins, which allow
large polar molecules to cross the membrane
- cholesterol, which regulate the distance between phospholipids when exposed to different
temperatures
What is diffusion? The spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration.
What are hypertonic and hypotonic solutions? hypertonic solutions have a high
concentration of a solute, while hypotonic solutions have a low solute concentration
What is osmosis? diffusion of water through a membrane to even out the concentration of
the solutions on both sides of the membrane
What happens when ATP becomes ADP? Hydrolysis. When ATP is introduced to water it
loses a phosphoryl group and it becomes ADP. This loss of a phosphoryl group is a release of
energy that was stored in the ATP.
, What is photosynthesis? The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses
it to make food
Specifically, what is the process of photosynthesis? Plant cells take carbon dioxide, water,
and photons from the sun (sunlight), and turn this into carbohydrates.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis? "Light reactions" (light dependant reactions)
and "Dark reactions" (light independent reactions)
What is the difference between light reactions and dark reactions? Light reactions require
photons (sunlight), while dark reactions do not.
Explain the light reaction process Plant cells take in sunlight and water, and produce
oxygen. They also then produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in dark reactions.
Explain the dark reaction process This is the calvin cycle. The plant cells use the energy
from ATP and NADPH (made by the light reaction), combined with carbon dioxide to create
carbohydrates.
Answers 100% Correct
What is the function of a glycerol backbone? keep fatty acid tails attached to the
phosphate head
Explain the difference in phosphate heads' and fatty acid tails' relationships with water.
Phosphate heads are hydrophilic while fatty acid tails are hydro phobic
What is a phospholipid bilayer? the formation of a cell membrane via the grouping of
phosphate heads, and the grouping of fatty acid tails, creating a hydrophobic layer between an
external and internal hydrophilic layer
What kind of substances pass through the cell membrane? - small non-polar molecules,
like gases, pass through the easiest and quickest
- small polar molecules, like water, pass through slowly
- larger nonpolar molecules also pass through slowly
,Besides phospholipids, what else makes up the cell membrane? - proteins, which allow
large polar molecules to cross the membrane
- cholesterol, which regulate the distance between phospholipids when exposed to different
temperatures
What is diffusion? The spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration.
What are hypertonic and hypotonic solutions? hypertonic solutions have a high
concentration of a solute, while hypotonic solutions have a low solute concentration
What is osmosis? diffusion of water through a membrane to even out the concentration of
the solutions on both sides of the membrane
What happens when ATP becomes ADP? Hydrolysis. When ATP is introduced to water it
loses a phosphoryl group and it becomes ADP. This loss of a phosphoryl group is a release of
energy that was stored in the ATP.
, What is photosynthesis? The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses
it to make food
Specifically, what is the process of photosynthesis? Plant cells take carbon dioxide, water,
and photons from the sun (sunlight), and turn this into carbohydrates.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis? "Light reactions" (light dependant reactions)
and "Dark reactions" (light independent reactions)
What is the difference between light reactions and dark reactions? Light reactions require
photons (sunlight), while dark reactions do not.
Explain the light reaction process Plant cells take in sunlight and water, and produce
oxygen. They also then produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in dark reactions.
Explain the dark reaction process This is the calvin cycle. The plant cells use the energy
from ATP and NADPH (made by the light reaction), combined with carbon dioxide to create
carbohydrates.
