COUC 667 Quiz 1 Solved 100% Correct (Verified)
-2 or more different behaviors of same subject
-Each subject serves as his/her own control
-After steady state baseline responding, independent variable is applied to 1st behavior,
while other behaviors are kept in baseline conditions
-When steady state responding is reached for 1st behavior, then IV is applied to next
behavior - ANSWER-Multiple baseline across behaviors
-A single behavior is targeted in two or more different settings or conditions
-After steady state baseline responding, independent variable is applied to 1st setting,
while other settings are kept in baseline conditions
-When steady state responding is reached for 1st setting, then IV is applied to next
setting - ANSWER-Multiple baseline across settings
-A-B-A
-B-A-B (treatment has been established, ending with treatment)
-A-B-A-B
-A-B-A-C (C = another intervention) - ANSWER-Adaptation of the Typical Withdrawal
Design
-Able to demonstrate an experimental control because it requires the repeated
application and withdrawal of a treatment.
-Decreases the probability that observed changes are the result of coincidental change
in confounding variables. - ANSWER-Advantage ABAB design
-across subjects
-across settings
-across behaviors - ANSWER-Types of multiple baseline design
-across subjects
-across settings
-across behaviors - ANSWER-Types of multiple baseline designs
-Define the extent to which a subject requires treatment.
-Judge the effects of treatment against baseline.
-Establish a reliable estimate of the confounding variables (i.e. control for normal
variation) - ANSWER-A stable baseline serves to
-Focus intensively on behavioral response of one or a few individuals.
-Involve systematic manipulation (apply, withdraw or vary) of an intervention to
determine its functional / cause-&-effect relationship with its outcomes.
-The subject serves as his/her own control when comparing performances.
-Repeated measurement of the dependent variable(s) over time under standardized
conditions.
-Emphasis on clinical significance. - ANSWER-Single subject research design
, -Individual phases can be very short in duration (e.g., as few as four sessions).
-No withdrawal of treatment. Behavior being studied need not be reversible.
-Baseline not required
-Control for events happened during the study - ANSWER-Advantages of alternative
treatments design
-Multi-treatment interference (one form of treatment may enhance the other treatment,
but the reverse condition might not be the case).
-Not useful where behavior takes time to change (learning effects). - ANSWER-
Limitations of alternative treatments design
-Only the most effective treatment is provided.
-Avoids multi-treatment effect. - ANSWER-Alternative treatments with a baseline and a
final treatment phase
-Removal of a treatment may cause resentful demoralization.
-When the performance gains cannot be easily reinstated after a withdrawal of
treatment (i.e., irreversible deterioration)
-Prone to carry-over.
-Impossible to reverse the change (e.g., learning).
-Attrition of the subject.
-Limited generalizability.
-Only give clues to what is more than likely to happen in similar circumstances with
similar subjects.
-Naturally occurring cyclic changes will be mistakenly attributed to the intervention.
-Behaviors have to occur frequent enough (and be easily observable).
-Require relatively longer term commitment for data collection.
-Rules for interpreting visual analysis -"Subjective". - ANSWER-Limitations of
A1B1A2B2 designs
-Rising baseline is not problematic if the slope in the treatment phases is different.
-Considerable variation is not problematic as long as it is cyclical and varies rather
reliably around a particular level at certain times.
-If the treatment is likely to make a dramatic influence, a greater degree of variability
can be accepted.
-Depend on the nature of the outcomes. - ANSWER-Considerations for baseline
stability
-Set specific stability criteria before the investigation (e.g., body temperature).
-Estimate of stability within the context with which the data will be interpreted. -
ANSWER-Criteria for a stable baseline:
-Sufficient to determine a stable behavior pattern.
-Sufficient to demonstrate the skills is currently not in the individual's repertoire. -
ANSWER-How many data points do you need in each phase?
-2 or more different behaviors of same subject
-Each subject serves as his/her own control
-After steady state baseline responding, independent variable is applied to 1st behavior,
while other behaviors are kept in baseline conditions
-When steady state responding is reached for 1st behavior, then IV is applied to next
behavior - ANSWER-Multiple baseline across behaviors
-A single behavior is targeted in two or more different settings or conditions
-After steady state baseline responding, independent variable is applied to 1st setting,
while other settings are kept in baseline conditions
-When steady state responding is reached for 1st setting, then IV is applied to next
setting - ANSWER-Multiple baseline across settings
-A-B-A
-B-A-B (treatment has been established, ending with treatment)
-A-B-A-B
-A-B-A-C (C = another intervention) - ANSWER-Adaptation of the Typical Withdrawal
Design
-Able to demonstrate an experimental control because it requires the repeated
application and withdrawal of a treatment.
-Decreases the probability that observed changes are the result of coincidental change
in confounding variables. - ANSWER-Advantage ABAB design
-across subjects
-across settings
-across behaviors - ANSWER-Types of multiple baseline design
-across subjects
-across settings
-across behaviors - ANSWER-Types of multiple baseline designs
-Define the extent to which a subject requires treatment.
-Judge the effects of treatment against baseline.
-Establish a reliable estimate of the confounding variables (i.e. control for normal
variation) - ANSWER-A stable baseline serves to
-Focus intensively on behavioral response of one or a few individuals.
-Involve systematic manipulation (apply, withdraw or vary) of an intervention to
determine its functional / cause-&-effect relationship with its outcomes.
-The subject serves as his/her own control when comparing performances.
-Repeated measurement of the dependent variable(s) over time under standardized
conditions.
-Emphasis on clinical significance. - ANSWER-Single subject research design
, -Individual phases can be very short in duration (e.g., as few as four sessions).
-No withdrawal of treatment. Behavior being studied need not be reversible.
-Baseline not required
-Control for events happened during the study - ANSWER-Advantages of alternative
treatments design
-Multi-treatment interference (one form of treatment may enhance the other treatment,
but the reverse condition might not be the case).
-Not useful where behavior takes time to change (learning effects). - ANSWER-
Limitations of alternative treatments design
-Only the most effective treatment is provided.
-Avoids multi-treatment effect. - ANSWER-Alternative treatments with a baseline and a
final treatment phase
-Removal of a treatment may cause resentful demoralization.
-When the performance gains cannot be easily reinstated after a withdrawal of
treatment (i.e., irreversible deterioration)
-Prone to carry-over.
-Impossible to reverse the change (e.g., learning).
-Attrition of the subject.
-Limited generalizability.
-Only give clues to what is more than likely to happen in similar circumstances with
similar subjects.
-Naturally occurring cyclic changes will be mistakenly attributed to the intervention.
-Behaviors have to occur frequent enough (and be easily observable).
-Require relatively longer term commitment for data collection.
-Rules for interpreting visual analysis -"Subjective". - ANSWER-Limitations of
A1B1A2B2 designs
-Rising baseline is not problematic if the slope in the treatment phases is different.
-Considerable variation is not problematic as long as it is cyclical and varies rather
reliably around a particular level at certain times.
-If the treatment is likely to make a dramatic influence, a greater degree of variability
can be accepted.
-Depend on the nature of the outcomes. - ANSWER-Considerations for baseline
stability
-Set specific stability criteria before the investigation (e.g., body temperature).
-Estimate of stability within the context with which the data will be interpreted. -
ANSWER-Criteria for a stable baseline:
-Sufficient to determine a stable behavior pattern.
-Sufficient to demonstrate the skills is currently not in the individual's repertoire. -
ANSWER-How many data points do you need in each phase?
