Biol 345 Midterm 1 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Correct Answers | New
Update
What kinds of microorganisms are classified as 'Eukaryotes'? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔having a nucleus; don't really use the terms euk/prok any more; algae,
fungi, protozoa, nematodes
Acellular microorganisms? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔viruses, viroids, prions
What are the three domains of life? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔bacteria, archaea, and
eukarya
What molecular differences do bacteria have from archaea? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔4-subunit RNA polymerase, peptidoglycan cell wall, ester-linked fatty
acid membrane lipids
What molecular differences do archaea have from bacteria? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔8-subunit RNA polymerase, non-peptidoglycan cell wall, ether-linked
isoprenoid cell membrane lipids
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,What are the defining characteristics of euk cells? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔nucleated; mostly linear chromosomes; membranous organelles; most
complex ribosomes; reproductively diploid sexual reproduction; large;
usually multicellular
What are the characteristics that define a cell? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔metabolism, reproduction, communication, evolution, movement,
differentiation
How many cells in the average human? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔about 10 trillion
And how many microorganisms in the average human? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔10 times as many!! 100 trillion!!!!
About what percentage of Earth's biodiversity is microbial? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔99%
What is the rate-limiting step in microbes? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔DNA replication
Where are microbial populations most dense? (in terms of MO's per gram
or per mL) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔soil! then fresh water, then the ocean
Does density predict diversity (# of taxa in a community)? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔nope
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Describe the turnover rate of microbes in the oceanic subsurface. How
does this relate to the abundance of microbes in this area? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔the turnover rate is slow, which contributes to the high abundance of
microbes in the oceanic subsurface
What is known about the oceanic subsurface in relation to nitrogen and
phosphorous? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔oceanic subsurface is a huge N and P
reservoir
How do bacteria compare to plants in C, N, and P? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔bacteria contain 60-100% of the cellular carbon of all plants and about
10x the N and P of all plants!
What are the 4 "ages" of microbio history? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the age of
sanitation (pre-1660's), the age of discovery (1660's-1850's), the age of
diagnoses (1850's-1920's), and the age of biotechnology (1920's-present)
Robert Hooke - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔first person to see MOs under a
microscope; saw cell structure of plants of fungi, but his lenses were too
poor to see bacteria
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions and Correct Answers | New
Update
What kinds of microorganisms are classified as 'Eukaryotes'? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔having a nucleus; don't really use the terms euk/prok any more; algae,
fungi, protozoa, nematodes
Acellular microorganisms? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔viruses, viroids, prions
What are the three domains of life? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔bacteria, archaea, and
eukarya
What molecular differences do bacteria have from archaea? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔4-subunit RNA polymerase, peptidoglycan cell wall, ester-linked fatty
acid membrane lipids
What molecular differences do archaea have from bacteria? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔8-subunit RNA polymerase, non-peptidoglycan cell wall, ether-linked
isoprenoid cell membrane lipids
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,What are the defining characteristics of euk cells? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔nucleated; mostly linear chromosomes; membranous organelles; most
complex ribosomes; reproductively diploid sexual reproduction; large;
usually multicellular
What are the characteristics that define a cell? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔metabolism, reproduction, communication, evolution, movement,
differentiation
How many cells in the average human? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔about 10 trillion
And how many microorganisms in the average human? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔10 times as many!! 100 trillion!!!!
About what percentage of Earth's biodiversity is microbial? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔99%
What is the rate-limiting step in microbes? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔DNA replication
Where are microbial populations most dense? (in terms of MO's per gram
or per mL) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔soil! then fresh water, then the ocean
Does density predict diversity (# of taxa in a community)? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔nope
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Describe the turnover rate of microbes in the oceanic subsurface. How
does this relate to the abundance of microbes in this area? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔the turnover rate is slow, which contributes to the high abundance of
microbes in the oceanic subsurface
What is known about the oceanic subsurface in relation to nitrogen and
phosphorous? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔oceanic subsurface is a huge N and P
reservoir
How do bacteria compare to plants in C, N, and P? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔bacteria contain 60-100% of the cellular carbon of all plants and about
10x the N and P of all plants!
What are the 4 "ages" of microbio history? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the age of
sanitation (pre-1660's), the age of discovery (1660's-1850's), the age of
diagnoses (1850's-1920's), and the age of biotechnology (1920's-present)
Robert Hooke - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔first person to see MOs under a
microscope; saw cell structure of plants of fungi, but his lenses were too
poor to see bacteria
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
