Pharmacotherapeutics for APN Prescribers
6th Edition – Woo & Wright (Ch 1 – 57)
TEST BANK
,Contents
CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE AS PRESCRIBER.................................... 4
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ...................................................... 6
CHAPTER 3. RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION ....................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 4. LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN PRESCRIBING .................................................... 19
CHAPTER 5. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ........................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER 6. AN INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOGENOMICS ........................................................... 28
CHAPTER 7. NUTRITION AND NUTRACEUTICALS............................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 8. HERBAL THERAPIES ..................................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 9. CANNABIS................................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 10. PHARMACOECONOMICS ........................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER 11. DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM........................................... 60
CHAPTER 12. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM................................................. 72
CHAPTER 13: DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL SYSTEMS.............................. 86
CHAPTER 14: DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ........................................................ 100
CHAPTER 15: DRUGS AFFECTING THE HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM .................................................. 108
CHAPTER 16: DRUGS AFFECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (VACCINES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS) ....... 115
CHAPTER 17. DRUGS AFFECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: IMMUNOMODULATORS........................ 125
CHAPTER 18. DRUGS AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM .............................................. 127
CHAPTER 19. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: PANCREATIC HORMONES &
ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................. 131
CHAPTER 20. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: PITUITARY, THYROID, & ADRENAL DRUGS
.................................................................................................................................................... 137
CHAPTER 21. DRUGS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM..................................................... 141
CHAPTER 22: DRUGS AFFECTING THE BONES AND JOINTS ............................................................ 150
CHAPTER 23: DRUGS AFFECTING THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ................................................. 158
CHAPTER 24: DRUGS USED TO TREAT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ...................................................... 165
CHAPTER 25: DRUGS USED TO TREAT VIRAL, FUNGAL, AND PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS .................. 172
CHAPTER 26: DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES .............................................. 176
CHAPTER 27. DRUGS USED TO TREAT EYE AND EAR DISORDERS ................................................... 181
,CHAPTER 28. ANEMIA .................................................................................................................. 185
CHAPTER 29. ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION ..................................................................................... 191
CHAPTER 30. ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ....................................................... 198
CHAPTER 31. ASTHMA AND ALLERGY ........................................................................................... 201
CHAPTER 32. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ....................................................... 207
CHAPTER 33. CONTRACEPTION .................................................................................................... 211
CHAPTER 34. COVID-19: ACUTE AND CHRONIC ............................................................................ 215
CHAPTER 35. DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 222
CHAPTER 36. DIABETES MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................... 228
CHAPTER 37: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE ..................................... 241
CHAPTER 38: HEADACHES ............................................................................................................ 246
CHAPTER 39: HEART FAILURE ....................................................................................................... 252
CHAPTER 40: HIV AND AIDS ......................................................................................................... 260
CHAPTER 41: MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY ........................................................................ 265
CHAPTER 42: HYPERLIPIDEMIA..................................................................................................... 270
CHAPTER 43: HYPERTENSION ....................................................................................................... 277
CHAPTER 45. OBESITY .................................................................................................................. 292
CHAPTER 46. PAIN MANAGEMENT: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN ................................................... 299
CHAPTER 47. PNEUMONIA........................................................................................................... 305
CHAPTER 48. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND VAGINITIS ................................................. 309
CHAPTER 49. SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ................................................................................... 315
CHAPTER 50: TUBERCULOSIS........................................................................................................ 323
CHAPTER 51: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URI, PHARYNGITIS, SINUSITIS, OTITIS) ..... 327
CHAPTER 52: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS .................................................................................. 332
CHAPTER 53: WOMEN AS PATIENTS ............................................................................................. 336
CHAPTER 54: MEN AS PATIENTS ................................................................................................... 343
CHAPTER 55: PEDIATRIC PATIENTS ................................................................................................ 346
CHAPTER 56: TRANSGENDER CLIENTS .......................................................................................... 350
CHAPTER 57: GERIATRIC PATIENTS................................................................................................ 354
,CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE AS
PRESCRIBER
1. Nurse prac22oner prescrip2ve authority is regulated by:
A. The Na2onal Council of State Boards of Nursing
B. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administra2on
C. The State Board of Nursing for each state
D. The State Board of Pharmacy
Answer: C
Ra onale: Prescrip2ve authority for nurse prac22oners (NPs) is determined by state laws and
regula2ons enacted by each state’s Board of Nursing (or the combined Board of
Nursing/Medicine in some jurisdic2ons). Federal bodies, such as the DEA, regulate controlled
substances, but do not grant or define NP authority to prescribe.
2. The benefits to the pa2ent of having an advanced prac2ce registered nurse (APRN) prescriber
include:
A. Nurses know more about pharmacology than other prescribers.
B. Nurses care for the pa2ent from a holis2c approach and include them in decision-making.
C. APRNs are less likely to prescribe narco2cs.
D. APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas PAs need supervision.
Answer: B
Ra onale: APRNs typically provide holis2c care that encourages pa2ent involvement and
shared decision-making. This approach oFen improves pa2ent understanding, adherence, and
sa2sfac2on with treatment.
,3. Clinical judgment in prescribing includes:
A. Factoring in cost to the pa2ent of the prescribed medica2on
B. Always prescribing the newest medica2on available
C. Handing out drug samples to pa2ents in need
D. Prescribing generic medica2ons to lower costs
Answer: A
Ra onale: Effec2ve prescribing involves considering mul2ple factors—chief among them is the
pa2ent’s financial capacity and the overall cost-benefit of the medica2on. Cost can strongly
influence adherence.
4. The process for choosing an effec2ve drug for a disorder includes:
A. Asking the pa2ent which drug they prefer
B. Consul2ng na2onally recognized guidelines for disease management
C. Offering samples before wri2ng a prescrip2on
D. Following DEA guidelines on prescribing
Answer: B
Ra onale: Evidence-based na2onal or professional guidelines ensure appropriate, up-to-date
treatment that aligns with the best clinical prac2ces. Consul2ng guidelines is a founda2onal step
in selec2ng safe, efficacious medica2ons.
5. Noninten2onal nonadherence of drug therapy may occur due to:
A. Belief that medica2on is ineffec2ve
B. Adverse drug reac2ons
C. Chronic condi2ons requiring daily therapy
D. ForgeMulness or distrac2on
, Answer: D
Ra onale: Noninten2onal nonadherence oFen arises from prac2cal/behavioral issues (e.g.,
forgeMulness, confusion, distrac2ons), rather than a deliberate refusal to take medica2on.
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1. A pa2ent’s nutri2onal intake and labs show hypoalbuminemia. This is cri2cal to prescribing
because:
A. Distribu2on of drugs to target 2ssue may be affected.
B. The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorp2on.
C. There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
D. Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
Answer: A
Ra onale: Albumin levels can affect how much ac2ve (unbound) drug is available for
distribu2on, impac2ng therapeu2c and toxic effects.
2. Drugs with a significant first-pass effect:
A. Must be given only by the oral route.
B. Bypass the hepa2c circula2on.
C. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver, possibly decreasing efficacy.
D. Are converted by the liver to more ac2ve forms.
Answer: C
Ra onale: High hepa2c metabolism on the first pass can dras2cally reduce the amount of
ac2ve drug reaching systemic circula2on.
3. The route of excre2on for a vola2le drug is likely the:
, A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Bile and feces
D. Skin
Answer: B
Ra onale: Vola2le (gaseous) agents are typically excreted through the pulmonary route.
4. A major disadvantage of IV administra2on is that:
A. First-pass metabolism is eliminated.
B. Sterility and needles are required.
C. Absorp2on cannot be slowed aFer administra2on.
D. It is substan2ally more expensive than other routes.
Answer: C
Ra onale: Once given IV, the medica2on enters systemic circula2on instantly, and any adverse
effect cannot be mi2gated by stopping absorp2on.
5. The NP prescribes cephalexin every 8 hours, likely based on the drug’s:
A. Propensity to bind target receptors
B. Biological half-life
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Safety and side effects
Answer: B
Ra onale: Dosing frequency is oFen determined by the medica2on’s half-life to maintain
therapeu2c plasma levels.
6. Deferasirox is a chela2ng agent that binds iron to inac2vate it. This is best described as a(n):
A. Nonreceptor mechanism
B. Par2al agonist
C. Full agonist
, D. Noncompe22ve antagonist
Answer: A
Ra onale: Chelators work by binding substances without ac2ng on a specific receptor site.
7. The point on the drug concentra2on curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeu2c effect
is the:
A. Minimum adverse effect level
B. Peak of ac2on
C. Onset of ac2on
D. Therapeu2c range
Answer: C
Ra onale: Onset of ac2on is when the administered drug first produces a measurable
therapeu2c effect.
8. Phenytoin requires a trough level. Peak and trough levels are drawn:
A. When the drug has a wide therapeu2c range
B. When the drug is given for only a short 2me
C. If there is a strong dose-satura2on rela2onship
D. To determine if the drug is in the therapeu2c range
Answer: D
Ra onale: Measuring peaks and troughs helps ensure concentra2on stays within therapeu2c
limits.
9. A lab indicates the peak level is above the minimum toxic concentra2on. This means:
A. Therapeu2c effects will occur.
B. An adverse response is likely.
C. Time between doses must be shortened.
D. The drug’s dura2on of ac2on is too long.
Answer: B
, Ra onale: A peak above the toxic threshold raises the risk of nega2ve or dangerous effects.
10. Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate:
A. Irreversible binding
B. Up-regula2on with chronic use
C. Desensi2za2on/down-regula2on with con2nuous use
D. An inverse rela2onship between concentra2on and ac2on
Answer: C
Ra onale: Con2nuous s2mula2on by agonists can make receptors less responsive (down-
regula2on).
11. Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
A. Down-regula2on of the receptor
B. Exaggerated response if abruptly discon2nued
C. Par2al blockade only
D. Exaggerated response to other compe22ve agonists
Answer: B
Ra onale: If receptor blockade is suddenly removed, a rebound or exaggerated physiologic
response can occur.
12. Factors affec2ng gastric drug absorp2on include:
A. Liver enzyme ac2vity
B. Protein-binding proper2es
C. Lipid solubility of the drug
D. Ability to chew and swallow
Answer: C
Ra onale: Lipid-soluble drugs generally cross membranes easily in the acidic gastric
environment.
6th Edition – Woo & Wright (Ch 1 – 57)
TEST BANK
,Contents
CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE AS PRESCRIBER.................................... 4
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ...................................................... 6
CHAPTER 3. RATIONAL DRUG SELECTION ....................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 4. LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN PRESCRIBING .................................................... 19
CHAPTER 5. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ........................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER 6. AN INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOGENOMICS ........................................................... 28
CHAPTER 7. NUTRITION AND NUTRACEUTICALS............................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 8. HERBAL THERAPIES ..................................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 9. CANNABIS................................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 10. PHARMACOECONOMICS ........................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER 11. DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM........................................... 60
CHAPTER 12. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM................................................. 72
CHAPTER 13: DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL SYSTEMS.............................. 86
CHAPTER 14: DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ........................................................ 100
CHAPTER 15: DRUGS AFFECTING THE HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM .................................................. 108
CHAPTER 16: DRUGS AFFECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (VACCINES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS) ....... 115
CHAPTER 17. DRUGS AFFECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: IMMUNOMODULATORS........................ 125
CHAPTER 18. DRUGS AFFECTING THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM .............................................. 127
CHAPTER 19. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: PANCREATIC HORMONES &
ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................. 131
CHAPTER 20. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: PITUITARY, THYROID, & ADRENAL DRUGS
.................................................................................................................................................... 137
CHAPTER 21. DRUGS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM..................................................... 141
CHAPTER 22: DRUGS AFFECTING THE BONES AND JOINTS ............................................................ 150
CHAPTER 23: DRUGS AFFECTING THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM ................................................. 158
CHAPTER 24: DRUGS USED TO TREAT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ...................................................... 165
CHAPTER 25: DRUGS USED TO TREAT VIRAL, FUNGAL, AND PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS .................. 172
CHAPTER 26: DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES .............................................. 176
CHAPTER 27. DRUGS USED TO TREAT EYE AND EAR DISORDERS ................................................... 181
,CHAPTER 28. ANEMIA .................................................................................................................. 185
CHAPTER 29. ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION ..................................................................................... 191
CHAPTER 30. ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ....................................................... 198
CHAPTER 31. ASTHMA AND ALLERGY ........................................................................................... 201
CHAPTER 32. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ....................................................... 207
CHAPTER 33. CONTRACEPTION .................................................................................................... 211
CHAPTER 34. COVID-19: ACUTE AND CHRONIC ............................................................................ 215
CHAPTER 35. DERMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 222
CHAPTER 36. DIABETES MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................... 228
CHAPTER 37: GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE ..................................... 241
CHAPTER 38: HEADACHES ............................................................................................................ 246
CHAPTER 39: HEART FAILURE ....................................................................................................... 252
CHAPTER 40: HIV AND AIDS ......................................................................................................... 260
CHAPTER 41: MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY ........................................................................ 265
CHAPTER 42: HYPERLIPIDEMIA..................................................................................................... 270
CHAPTER 43: HYPERTENSION ....................................................................................................... 277
CHAPTER 45. OBESITY .................................................................................................................. 292
CHAPTER 46. PAIN MANAGEMENT: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN ................................................... 299
CHAPTER 47. PNEUMONIA........................................................................................................... 305
CHAPTER 48. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND VAGINITIS ................................................. 309
CHAPTER 49. SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ................................................................................... 315
CHAPTER 50: TUBERCULOSIS........................................................................................................ 323
CHAPTER 51: UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URI, PHARYNGITIS, SINUSITIS, OTITIS) ..... 327
CHAPTER 52: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS .................................................................................. 332
CHAPTER 53: WOMEN AS PATIENTS ............................................................................................. 336
CHAPTER 54: MEN AS PATIENTS ................................................................................................... 343
CHAPTER 55: PEDIATRIC PATIENTS ................................................................................................ 346
CHAPTER 56: TRANSGENDER CLIENTS .......................................................................................... 350
CHAPTER 57: GERIATRIC PATIENTS................................................................................................ 354
,CHAPTER 1: THE ROLE OF THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE AS
PRESCRIBER
1. Nurse prac22oner prescrip2ve authority is regulated by:
A. The Na2onal Council of State Boards of Nursing
B. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administra2on
C. The State Board of Nursing for each state
D. The State Board of Pharmacy
Answer: C
Ra onale: Prescrip2ve authority for nurse prac22oners (NPs) is determined by state laws and
regula2ons enacted by each state’s Board of Nursing (or the combined Board of
Nursing/Medicine in some jurisdic2ons). Federal bodies, such as the DEA, regulate controlled
substances, but do not grant or define NP authority to prescribe.
2. The benefits to the pa2ent of having an advanced prac2ce registered nurse (APRN) prescriber
include:
A. Nurses know more about pharmacology than other prescribers.
B. Nurses care for the pa2ent from a holis2c approach and include them in decision-making.
C. APRNs are less likely to prescribe narco2cs.
D. APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas PAs need supervision.
Answer: B
Ra onale: APRNs typically provide holis2c care that encourages pa2ent involvement and
shared decision-making. This approach oFen improves pa2ent understanding, adherence, and
sa2sfac2on with treatment.
,3. Clinical judgment in prescribing includes:
A. Factoring in cost to the pa2ent of the prescribed medica2on
B. Always prescribing the newest medica2on available
C. Handing out drug samples to pa2ents in need
D. Prescribing generic medica2ons to lower costs
Answer: A
Ra onale: Effec2ve prescribing involves considering mul2ple factors—chief among them is the
pa2ent’s financial capacity and the overall cost-benefit of the medica2on. Cost can strongly
influence adherence.
4. The process for choosing an effec2ve drug for a disorder includes:
A. Asking the pa2ent which drug they prefer
B. Consul2ng na2onally recognized guidelines for disease management
C. Offering samples before wri2ng a prescrip2on
D. Following DEA guidelines on prescribing
Answer: B
Ra onale: Evidence-based na2onal or professional guidelines ensure appropriate, up-to-date
treatment that aligns with the best clinical prac2ces. Consul2ng guidelines is a founda2onal step
in selec2ng safe, efficacious medica2ons.
5. Noninten2onal nonadherence of drug therapy may occur due to:
A. Belief that medica2on is ineffec2ve
B. Adverse drug reac2ons
C. Chronic condi2ons requiring daily therapy
D. ForgeMulness or distrac2on
, Answer: D
Ra onale: Noninten2onal nonadherence oFen arises from prac2cal/behavioral issues (e.g.,
forgeMulness, confusion, distrac2ons), rather than a deliberate refusal to take medica2on.
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1. A pa2ent’s nutri2onal intake and labs show hypoalbuminemia. This is cri2cal to prescribing
because:
A. Distribu2on of drugs to target 2ssue may be affected.
B. The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorp2on.
C. There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
D. Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
Answer: A
Ra onale: Albumin levels can affect how much ac2ve (unbound) drug is available for
distribu2on, impac2ng therapeu2c and toxic effects.
2. Drugs with a significant first-pass effect:
A. Must be given only by the oral route.
B. Bypass the hepa2c circula2on.
C. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver, possibly decreasing efficacy.
D. Are converted by the liver to more ac2ve forms.
Answer: C
Ra onale: High hepa2c metabolism on the first pass can dras2cally reduce the amount of
ac2ve drug reaching systemic circula2on.
3. The route of excre2on for a vola2le drug is likely the:
, A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Bile and feces
D. Skin
Answer: B
Ra onale: Vola2le (gaseous) agents are typically excreted through the pulmonary route.
4. A major disadvantage of IV administra2on is that:
A. First-pass metabolism is eliminated.
B. Sterility and needles are required.
C. Absorp2on cannot be slowed aFer administra2on.
D. It is substan2ally more expensive than other routes.
Answer: C
Ra onale: Once given IV, the medica2on enters systemic circula2on instantly, and any adverse
effect cannot be mi2gated by stopping absorp2on.
5. The NP prescribes cephalexin every 8 hours, likely based on the drug’s:
A. Propensity to bind target receptors
B. Biological half-life
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Safety and side effects
Answer: B
Ra onale: Dosing frequency is oFen determined by the medica2on’s half-life to maintain
therapeu2c plasma levels.
6. Deferasirox is a chela2ng agent that binds iron to inac2vate it. This is best described as a(n):
A. Nonreceptor mechanism
B. Par2al agonist
C. Full agonist
, D. Noncompe22ve antagonist
Answer: A
Ra onale: Chelators work by binding substances without ac2ng on a specific receptor site.
7. The point on the drug concentra2on curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeu2c effect
is the:
A. Minimum adverse effect level
B. Peak of ac2on
C. Onset of ac2on
D. Therapeu2c range
Answer: C
Ra onale: Onset of ac2on is when the administered drug first produces a measurable
therapeu2c effect.
8. Phenytoin requires a trough level. Peak and trough levels are drawn:
A. When the drug has a wide therapeu2c range
B. When the drug is given for only a short 2me
C. If there is a strong dose-satura2on rela2onship
D. To determine if the drug is in the therapeu2c range
Answer: D
Ra onale: Measuring peaks and troughs helps ensure concentra2on stays within therapeu2c
limits.
9. A lab indicates the peak level is above the minimum toxic concentra2on. This means:
A. Therapeu2c effects will occur.
B. An adverse response is likely.
C. Time between doses must be shortened.
D. The drug’s dura2on of ac2on is too long.
Answer: B
, Ra onale: A peak above the toxic threshold raises the risk of nega2ve or dangerous effects.
10. Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate:
A. Irreversible binding
B. Up-regula2on with chronic use
C. Desensi2za2on/down-regula2on with con2nuous use
D. An inverse rela2onship between concentra2on and ac2on
Answer: C
Ra onale: Con2nuous s2mula2on by agonists can make receptors less responsive (down-
regula2on).
11. Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
A. Down-regula2on of the receptor
B. Exaggerated response if abruptly discon2nued
C. Par2al blockade only
D. Exaggerated response to other compe22ve agonists
Answer: B
Ra onale: If receptor blockade is suddenly removed, a rebound or exaggerated physiologic
response can occur.
12. Factors affec2ng gastric drug absorp2on include:
A. Liver enzyme ac2vity
B. Protein-binding proper2es
C. Lipid solubility of the drug
D. Ability to chew and swallow
Answer: C
Ra onale: Lipid-soluble drugs generally cross membranes easily in the acidic gastric
environment.
