Microbiology Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 3-5) Questions And Answers

Microbiology Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 3-5)
Questions And Answers
5xI'sxofxMicrobalxinvestigation.x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Inoculation,xIncubation,xIsolation,xInspection,xIdentification.

Acellularxorganismsx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Viruses.xExistxwithoutxaxcellularxstructure.

Acidxpolysaccharidesx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Functionsxinxcellxwallxmaintenance,xenlargementxduringxcellxdivision,xmorexpermeable:xmo
vexcationsxacrossxthexcellxenvelope,xstimulatexaxspecificximmunexresponse.

Acidicxdyesx(anionic)x-xCORRECTxxANSWER--
xchargedxchromophore.xAttractx+xchargedxcellxparts,xstainxeukaryotes,xbacteriaxrepelxsoxst

ainxremainsxoutsidex(negativexstain).xExample:xEosinx(red),xIndiaxink,xNigrosin.

Actinobacteriax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Gram-
positivexwithxhighxGx+xCxcontentx(Mycobacterium,xMicrococcus).

Aerialxvs.xvegetative?x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Aerialxproducexsporesxforxreproduction.xVegetativexabsorbxnutrients.

Agarx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Growthxmediumxthatxisxflexible,xholdsxnutrientsxandxmoisture.xSolidxatxroomxtemperature,xn
otxreadilyxdigestedxbyxorganisms.

Agarxisxwhatxtypexofxmacromoleculexandxisxmadexfromxwhatxorganism?x-
xCORRECTxxANSWER-Carbohydrate




Agentsxusedxtoxinhibitxgrowthxonxaxselectivexmediax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Bilexsalts,xdyes,xantimicrobalxdrugsxandxacid.

Alcoholxproductionx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Causedxbyxalcoholxfermentationxofxyeast.xConvertedxstarchxinxbarleyxorxgrapesxintoxsugars
.xFermentxtoxCO2xandxethanol.

,Algaex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-nutrition-xautotrophxcellxwall-
xcellulosexreproduction,xsexualx(conjugation)xandxasexual,xusesxofxalgaexcosmetics,xfoodxa

ndxmedicalxproducts.xBasisxofxfoodxchain.

Algaex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Unicellular,xsomexarexmulticellular.xReproducexasexuallyxandxsexually.xNutritionxbyxphotos
ynthesis.xCellxwallxmadexofxcellulose.

Amphitrichousx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Flagellaxatxbothxendsxofxcell.

Antibioticsx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Chemicalxsubstancexmadexbyxmicrobes.

Apicomplexax(Sporozoa)x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Motilityx:xOnlyxmalexgametes.xSinglexnucleus.xAsexualx&xsexualxreproduction,xcomplex.xM
ostxcystsx(oocysts),xsporozoites,xtrophozoites.xParasitesx.xExamples:xPlasmodium,xToxopl
asma,xCryptosporidium.

Ascosporesx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Sporesxinxsacx(Ascus),xAscosporexgerminatexthenxformxconidia.

Ascusx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Sporesxinxaxsac.

Asepticx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Preventxinfection.

Asepticxtechniquex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Aimedxatxreducingxmicrobesxinxaxmedicalxsettingxandxpreventingxwoundxinfections.xListerxp
roposedxthexideaxofxaspeticxtechniquesxandxtheximportancexofxhandxwashingxandxequipme
ntxsterilization.

Atrichousx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Noxflagellarxattachment

Autotrophx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Makexownxfoodxbyxphotosynthesis.

Axialxfilamentsx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Periplasmic,xinternalxflagella,xenclosedxbetweenxcellxwallxandxcellxmembranexofxspirochete
sx(Borrelia).xProducexcellularxmotilityxbyxcontractingxandximpartingxtwistingxorxflexingxmotio
n.

Bacillusx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Rod.

Bacteriax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Prokaryote.xAllxarexmicrobes.xHasxaxcellxwallxmadexupxofxEubacteriaxpeptidoglycan.xAbsor
bxnutrition.xReproducexbyxbinaryxfission.xUnicellular.xCommonlyxfoundxinxbiofilms.

, Bacteriochlorophyllx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Notxgivexoffxoxygen.xAnaerobic,xinxsulfurxsprings,xswamps.xUsexsulfurxcompoundsxmetabol
ically.

Bacteriologyx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-StudyxofxBacteria.

Basicxdyesx(cationic)x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-+xchargedxchromophore.xAttractx-
xchargedxcellxparts.xStainxmostxbacteriax(PositivexStain).x

Example:xMethylenexblue,xcrystalxviolet,xfuchsin,xsafranin,xmalachitexgreen.

Basicxpartsxofxaxeukaryoticxcellx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Organelles-
xstructuresxthatxspecializexfunction-

xcompartmentalize.xFlagella,xcilia,xglycocalyx,xcapsule,xcellxmembrane,xnucleus,xER,xGolgi

.

Basidiosporesx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Sporesxinxclubxshapedxcellx(Basidium).xBasidiosporexgerminatextoxformxconidia.

Basidiumx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Sporesxinxaxclubxshapedxcell.

Bexfamiliarxwithxexamplesxofxpathogenicxalgae.x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Pfiesteria,xDinoflagellates.

Bexfamiliarxwithxthexexamplesxofxparasiticxprotozoaxandxthexinfectionsxtheyxcausex-
xCORRECTxxANSWER-Trypanosomes-xT.xBruceix(Africanxsleepingxsickness)

TxCruzi-xChaga'sxdisease.
Leishmania-xSandflyxskin.
Trichomonas-xSTDs
Giardia-xIntestines

BexfamiliarxwithxthexphylaxofxthexdomainxBacteriax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Spirochaetes,xDeinococcus-
Thermus,xAquificae,xCyanobacteria,xChloroflexi,xThermotogae,xProteobacteria,xFirmicute
s

Bexfamiliarxwithxthexwaysxthatxmicrobesxaffectxthexworld.x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Foundxeverywhere,xpartxofxthexecosystemx(makexgreenhousexgasses,xsoilxformation,xmine
ralxextraction),xNutrientxrecyclingx(CO2xandxNitrogenxfixation).xDecomposition.xInteraction
sxwithxotherxorganisms-xpathogensxorxbeneficial.

Bexfamiliarxwithxthexwaysxthatxmicroorganismsxarexbeneficialx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Partxofxfoodxchain.xBeneficiallyxinteractxwithxotherxorganismsxinxnature.xNormalxflora-
xvitamins.xHelpxinitialxdigestionxofxnutrientsxinxrumenxofxstomachx(primarilyxcellulose).xProd

uctionxofxoxygen.xAntibiotics,xvaccine,xmedicalxadvances).