Micro Exam 1 Questions And Answers

Micro Exam 1 Questions And Answers
"Aureus"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Describesxthex"gold-colored"xshapesxofxsomexbacteria

"Bacillus"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Describesxthex"rod-like"xshapesxofxsomexbacteria

"Coccus"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Describesxthex"rounded"x"circular"x"oval"xshapesxofxsomexbacteria

"Eukaryotes"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-microbesxthatxhavexaxnucleusxinxtheirxcells

"Mycelia"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Thexthread-
likexfilamentsxthatxholdxcoloniesxofxfungixtogether

"pathogenic"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-diseasexproducing

"Prokaryotes"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-microbesxthatxlackxaxnucleusxinxtheirxcells
termxmeansx"pre-nuclei"

"Staphylo-"x-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Describesxthex"clustered"xshapesxofxsomexbacteria

Acid-Fastxstainx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
bindsxstronglyxtoxbacteriaxwithxwaxyxlipidsxinxcellxwall.
MycobacteriumxtuberculosisxandxMycobacteriumxlepraexarextwoximportantxpathogensxiden
tified.
Primaryxstainx-xCarbolfuchsinx(Red)
Acid-fastxmicrobesxretainxredxprimaryxstain.
Counterstainx-xMethylenexBlue
NonxAcid-Fastxcellsxarexblue

acidicxdyex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Inxanx----,xthexchromophorexisxanxanion.

Algaex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-photosyntheticxeukaryote,xwallsxmadexofxcellulose

algaex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
unicellular,xcolonial,xfilamentousxorxlargerxformsxsuchxasxseaweeds;xphotosynthetic;xexhibi
tsxmostxofxthexorganelles;xlivexinxfreshxandxsaltwaterxhabitats;xmainxcomponentxofxplankton;
xprovidexthexbasisxforxthexaquaticxfoodxwebx&xproducexmostxofxthexworld'sxoxygen

,Allxbacteriaxhavex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
cytoplasm,xnuclearxareaxcontainingxDNA,xribosome,xcell,xwall,xplasmaxmembrane

antibioticsx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
chemicalsxproducedxnaturallyxbyxbacteriaxandxfungixtoxactxagainstxotherxmicroorganisms

archaeax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-prokaryote,xlackxpeptidoglycanxbutxmayxhavexpseudo-
peptidoglycan,xlivexinxextremexenvironments

asepticxtechniquesx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
techniquesxthatxpreventxcontaminationxbyxunwantedxmicroorganisms

Avery,xMacLeodx&xMcCartyx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
PersonxwhoxprovedxthatxDNAxisxthexhereditaryxmaterial

axialxfilamentx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
axtypexofxinternalxflagellumxenclosedxbetweenxthexinxthexspacexbetweenxthexouterxsheathxa
ndxthexcellxwallxpeptidoglycan

bacillusx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
dividexonlyxacrossxthexshortxaxisxsoxtherexarexfewerxgroupings;xmostxappearxasxsinglexrods

bacillus,xcoccus,xspiralx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-3xmajorxshapesxofxbacteria

bacteriax-xCORRECTxxANSWER-unicellular,xprokaryote,xpeptidoglycanxwalls

bacterialxactinx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-chemicallyxsimilarxtoxactinxfilaments

bacterialxchromosomex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
axsinglexlong,xcontinuous,xcircularlyxarrangedxthreadxofxdouble-
strandedxDNAxcoiledxaroundxspecialxproteinsxaggregatedxinxaxcentralxareaxofxthexcellxcelle
dxthexnucleoid;xcellsxgeneticxmaterialxcarriesxallxthexinfoxrequiredxforxthexcell'sxstructuresxan
dxfunctions;xattachedxtoxthexplasmaxmembrane

Bacteriologyx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-thexstudyxofxbacteria

basicxdyex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-Inxax---
,xthexchromophorexisxaxcation.xBacteriaxhavexslightxnegativexchargexatxpH=7.xTherefore,xthi
sxtypexofxdyexisxcommonlyxusedxtoxstainxbacteria.xex:xCrystalxViolet,xMethylenexblue,xMalac
hitexGreen,xSafranin.

binaryxfissionx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
involvesxfewerxstructuresxandxprocessesxthanxeukaryoticxcellxdivision

biofilmx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-complexxaggregationxofxmicrobes

, Biogenesisx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Theoryxthatxlivingxcellsxcanxarisexonlyxfromxpreexistingxlivingxcells

BiologicalxControlxofxPestsx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Certainxmicroorganismsxcausexdiseasexinxinsects.xMicroorganismsxthatxkillxinsectsxcanxbex
effectivexbiologicalxcontrolxagentsxbecausextheyxarexspecificxforxthexpestxandxdoxnotxpersist
xinxthexenvironment




bioremediationx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
toxinsxcanxbexremovedxfromxundergroundxwells,xchemicalxspills,xtoxicxwastexsites,xoilxspills

biotechnologyx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
microorganismsxproducexcommonxfoodsxandxchemicals

brightfieldxilluminationx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
Darkxobjectsxarexvisiblexagainstxaxbrightxbackground.
Lightxreflectedxoffxthexspecimenxdoesxnotxenterxthexobjectivexlens.

capsulex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
organizedxandxfirmlyxattachedxtoxcell;xmadexofxpolysaccharidesx&xprotein;xthick/gummyxco
nsistency;xenablexadherencextoxsurfaces;xmayxprotectxpathogensxfromxphagocytosis

cellxmembranex-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
providesxaxsitexforxenergyxreactions,xnutrientxprocessing,xandxsynthesis;xregulatesxtranspo
rt;xinvolvedxinxsecretion;xmostxenzymesxofxrespirationxandxATPxsynthesisxresidexhere

Cellxtheoryx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-1.xAllxlivingxthingsxarexmadexofxcellsx(Hooke)
2.xCellsxarexthexbasicxunitxofxlifex(Schwannx&xSchleiden)
3.xCellsxarisexfromxotherxlivingxcellsx(Virchow)

cellxtheoryx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-allxlivingxthingsxarexcomposedxofxcells

cellxwallx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-complex,xsemi-
rigidxstructure;xsurroundsxthexcellxmembranexandxprotectsxthexcellxfromxchangesxinxosmoti
cxpressure;xhelpsxmaintainxthexshapexofxthexbacterium;xservesxasxaxpointxofxanchoragexforxf
lagella

cellxwallx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
providexstructuralxsupportxandxshape,xdifferxinxchemicalxcompositionxfromxprocaryotics;xchi
tinxisxthexmainxmaterialxofxfungalxcellxwalls

chemotaxisx-xCORRECTxxANSWER-
*movementxinxresponsextoxaxchemicalxstimulus;xpositivex=xtowardxaxfavorablexchemicalxsti
mulusx(usuallyxaxnutrient);xnegativex=xawayxfromxaxrepellentx(potentiallyxharmfulxcompoun
d)