NURS 308 (Pathophysiology) Exam I Questions With
Complete Solutions
From factor X, what is the sequence of events that follow to
form a blood clot? Correct Answers factor X activates
prothrombin > thrombin > thrombin activates fibrinogen > fibrin
> fibrin combines with platelets to form a blood clot (fibrin clot)
hemostasis Correct Answers clotting cascade that slows blood
flow at walls of the injury
- a meshwork is created for healing
how are acids formed? Correct Answers as end products of
protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism
how are macrophages and granulation tissue involved in phase 3
of wound healing? Correct Answers - macrophages clear
debris, release growth factors, recruit fibroblasts, and promote
collagen synthesis and angiogensis
- granulation tissue grows into the wound from health
connective tissue; red and granular appearance
how are plasma protein systems involved in inflammation?
Correct Answers - consists of multiple proteins and enzymes
that are present in the blood
- proteins activated early in inflammation by enzymes
- activation of one component leads to the activation of other
known as a cascade
how do viruses infect? Correct Answers - they need a host cell
in order to survive
,- copies of genetic materials are made and then released from
host cell to infect other host cells
- some can remain dormant in a host cell until something
triggers it (hormones, stress, disease)
ex: herpes virus
how do you calculate total body weight (TBW)? Correct
Answers weight x 0.6 = TBW
how do you prevent antibiotic resistance? Correct Answers
TAKE ALL ANTIBIOTICS
take as directed, complete whole dose
how does fluid move between plasma and intestinal fluid?
Correct Answers reabsorption: into the vessel
filtration: out of vessel
hydrostatic pressure: pushing pressure (BP)
osmotic pressure: pulling pressure
how does passive immunity work? Correct Answers -
antibodies and T cells administered from someone or something
else
- natural: antibodies transmitted from mother to baby via breast
milk
- artifical: antibodies acquired from an immune serum (plasma)
How is inflammation initiated and what are the processes
involved? Correct Answers initiated by nearly any injury in a
tissue with blood vessel
- it is quick, has cellular and chemical components, and non-
specific
, - hemostasis (coagulation), vasodilation, increased vascular
permeability, WBC adhesion
how is plasma protein synthesis involved in systemic acute
inflammation? Correct Answers - plasma protein synthesis:
increased synthesis of many plasma proteins, typically in liver
• reach max circulating levels within 10-40 hrs of the onset of
inflammation
• measured by ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP
(cross-reactive protein) lab results
how much does 1 liter of water weigh in the body? Correct
Answers 2.2 lbs or 1kg
how to adaptive (active) immunity work? Correct Answers -
expose organism to antigen resulting in immunity
- natural: antibodies after having an infection
- artificial: antibodies are vaccines
increased vascular permeability Correct Answers blood vessels
become porous, enlarging the space btwn the cells allowing for
fluids to leak to the injured area
vasodilation Correct Answers blood vessels increase in
diameter to let more blood flow to the area and more time for
fluids and chemicals to move there too
waht are examples of type III hypersensitivity? Correct
Answers lupus, drug induced vasculitis, glomerulonephritis
Complete Solutions
From factor X, what is the sequence of events that follow to
form a blood clot? Correct Answers factor X activates
prothrombin > thrombin > thrombin activates fibrinogen > fibrin
> fibrin combines with platelets to form a blood clot (fibrin clot)
hemostasis Correct Answers clotting cascade that slows blood
flow at walls of the injury
- a meshwork is created for healing
how are acids formed? Correct Answers as end products of
protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism
how are macrophages and granulation tissue involved in phase 3
of wound healing? Correct Answers - macrophages clear
debris, release growth factors, recruit fibroblasts, and promote
collagen synthesis and angiogensis
- granulation tissue grows into the wound from health
connective tissue; red and granular appearance
how are plasma protein systems involved in inflammation?
Correct Answers - consists of multiple proteins and enzymes
that are present in the blood
- proteins activated early in inflammation by enzymes
- activation of one component leads to the activation of other
known as a cascade
how do viruses infect? Correct Answers - they need a host cell
in order to survive
,- copies of genetic materials are made and then released from
host cell to infect other host cells
- some can remain dormant in a host cell until something
triggers it (hormones, stress, disease)
ex: herpes virus
how do you calculate total body weight (TBW)? Correct
Answers weight x 0.6 = TBW
how do you prevent antibiotic resistance? Correct Answers
TAKE ALL ANTIBIOTICS
take as directed, complete whole dose
how does fluid move between plasma and intestinal fluid?
Correct Answers reabsorption: into the vessel
filtration: out of vessel
hydrostatic pressure: pushing pressure (BP)
osmotic pressure: pulling pressure
how does passive immunity work? Correct Answers -
antibodies and T cells administered from someone or something
else
- natural: antibodies transmitted from mother to baby via breast
milk
- artifical: antibodies acquired from an immune serum (plasma)
How is inflammation initiated and what are the processes
involved? Correct Answers initiated by nearly any injury in a
tissue with blood vessel
- it is quick, has cellular and chemical components, and non-
specific
, - hemostasis (coagulation), vasodilation, increased vascular
permeability, WBC adhesion
how is plasma protein synthesis involved in systemic acute
inflammation? Correct Answers - plasma protein synthesis:
increased synthesis of many plasma proteins, typically in liver
• reach max circulating levels within 10-40 hrs of the onset of
inflammation
• measured by ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP
(cross-reactive protein) lab results
how much does 1 liter of water weigh in the body? Correct
Answers 2.2 lbs or 1kg
how to adaptive (active) immunity work? Correct Answers -
expose organism to antigen resulting in immunity
- natural: antibodies after having an infection
- artificial: antibodies are vaccines
increased vascular permeability Correct Answers blood vessels
become porous, enlarging the space btwn the cells allowing for
fluids to leak to the injured area
vasodilation Correct Answers blood vessels increase in
diameter to let more blood flow to the area and more time for
fluids and chemicals to move there too
waht are examples of type III hypersensitivity? Correct
Answers lupus, drug induced vasculitis, glomerulonephritis
